Executive Functions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients in Comparison to Healty Controls

Kurt, Emel; Yıldırım, Erol; Topçuoğlu, Volkan

doi:10.5152/npa.2016.14872

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, since there appears to be no linear relationship between anxiety level and attention, memory, and executive function, it was not surprising to find that there was no correlation between executive function and PD severity or anxiety. Similar to the PCT results of this study, it was reported that there was no difference between healthy controls and PD patients in some studies using a trail-making test (TMT) (27,39). In another study, it was reported that the results of the first part of TMT, which evaluates psychomotor speed, were similar to those of other studies and that performance in the second part, which evaluates cognitive flexibility, were lower in PD patients, but the difference was eliminated when the effect of comorbid psychiatric disorders was controlled (5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Executive dysfunction in PD is an expected finding in this context, but there have also been reports with contrary results. In some studies evaluating WCST performance, no significant difference was found between PD patients and healthy controls (9,27). The fact that no correlation was found between BCST scores and the severity of PD symptoms and anxiety in the PD group in this study suggests that executive functions were not affected by PD severity or general anxiety.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…In the switch section of the test, the letters and numbers appearing on the screen must be connected as 1-A, 2-B, 3-C and so on, or A-1, B-2, C-3, etc. The PCT provides important data about executive functions such as psychomotor speed, visual-motor scanning, planning, cognitive flexibility and complex response and complex attention ability (27,28). This version of the test was designed to avoid some of the confounds of earlier versions.…”

Section: Pebl-connections Test (Pct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive functions and childhood traumas in panic disorder

Türkoğlu¹

2021

Dusunen Adam

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Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate neurocognitive function in patients with panic disorder (PD) in comparison with healthy individuals and to determine whether there was a relationship between neurocognitive function, childhood trauma, and clinical symptoms in PD patients.Method: A total of 31 healthy individuals and 26 patients with PD were included in this study. The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL)-Berg Card Sorting Test (BCST), PEBL-Victoria Stroop Test (VST), PEBL-Connections Test (PCT), and PEBL-Corsi Block Test (PCBT) were used to evaluate neurocognitive function. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and a sociodemographic data form were administered to all of the patients. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Severity Measure for PD Scale was used to assess the symptom severity of PD patients. Results:The PD patients had poorer BCST results in comparison with the healthy controls. The two groups had similar results on the VST, PCT, and PCBT. There was no statistically significant correlation between neurocognitive test scores and the CTQ and HAM-A scores in the PD group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the diagnosis of PD was associated only with the total number of correct responses on the BCST subtests. Conclusion:The results demonstrated that PD patients may have impaired executive function, such as problem-solving, strategy determination, complex attention, and conceptualization, however executive function was not generally associated with childhood trauma or the severity of PD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Pebl-connections Test (Pct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive functions and childhood traumas in panic disorder

Türkoğlu¹

2021

Dusunen Adam

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“…Some studies report a worse performance for errors of commission in participants with OCD in a Go/No-Go Task (motor inhibition), with no differences in errors of omission and reaction time [ 15 , 16 ]. Other studies have found differences in both errors of commission and reaction time [ 15 ], while Kurt et al [ 17 ] found no differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning and Clinical Variables in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

et al. 2021

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Background: Cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and working memory are considered the main mechanisms responsible for executive control. This study examined differences in cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) relative to a control group. Method: A total of 62 obsessive-compulsive participants (OCD = 32; healthy control = 32) aged between 17 and 56 years old (M = 33.16, SD = 9.23) were administered the computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color–Word Test, Go/No-Go Task, Digit Test, and Corsi Block Test. Clinician-rated and self-reported obsessive–compulsive symptom severity, and anxiety, depression, and obsessive beliefs were evaluated. Results: The control group performed better than the OCD group in tasks involving cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and visuospatial working memory. Anxiety and obsessive beliefs influenced the participants’ performance on inhibition and working memory tasks. Similarly, comorbidity also influenced inhibition and working memory. In addition, the use of pharmacotherapy and the degree of OCD symptom severity influenced verbal working memory. Conclusions: Cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and visuospatial working memory deficits may be endophenotypes of OCD but require further examination for specificity. OCD severity, comorbidity patterns, anxiety, and obsessive beliefs may influence performance.

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“…Inhibition, closely related to attention, involves being able to control one’s attention, behavior, thoughts, and/or emotions to override or suppress attention to other stimuli, and instead do what’s more appropriate or needed [ 12 ]. Deficits in attention and inhibition have been reported in patients with panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) [ 6 , 14 – 16 ], though findings are inconsistent [ 9 , 10 ]. WM involves holding information in mind (maintaining) and mentally working with it (manipulation) across a shorter delay [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Background Deficits in cognitive performance are reported in patients with anxiety disorders, but research is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between cognitive function, with focus on executive function, and anxiety severity in primary care patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Methods 189 Swedish patients aged 18–65 years (31% men) with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included. Severity of anxiety was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory self-assessment scale. Digit span, block design and matrix reasoning tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, and the design fluency test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were used. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship of anxiety severity and cognitive functioning. Comparisons were also performed to a normed non-clinical population, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results More severe anxiety was associated with lower digit span test scores (R2 = 0.109, B = -0.040, p = 0.018), but not with block design, matrix reasoning or design fluency tests scores, after adjustment for comorbid major depression in a multivariable model. When compared to a normed population, patients with anxiety performed significantly lower on the block design, digit span forward, digit span sequencing and matrix reasoning tests. Conclusions Severity of anxiety among patients with anxiety disorder was associated with executive functions related to working memory, independently of comorbid major depression, but not with lower fluid intelligence. A further understanding of the executive behavioral control in patients with anxiety could allow for more tailored treatment strategies including medication, therapy and interventions targeted to improve specific cognitive domains.

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Executive Functions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients in Comparison to Healty Controls

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Cognitive functions and childhood traumas in panic disorder

Cognitive functions and childhood traumas in panic disorder

Executive Functioning and Clinical Variables in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study

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