Executive functions are impaired in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury

Fikke, Linn T.; Melinder, Annika; Landrø, NI

doi:10.1017/s0033291710001030

Cited by 71 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Westheide and colleagues also showed no association between delayed alternation and impairments in selective attention with repetition (Westheide et al, 2008). However, Miranda et al found that impairments in cognitive flexibility on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test did predict future suicidal ideation on a background of previous self-harm (Miranda et al, 2012), and Fikke et al found an association between impaired frontal functioning and selfharm not related to specific diagnosis using set-shifting tasks (Fikke et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review

Cates

Rees

Jollant

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Background:Prediction of self-harm is limited clinically. Early identification of individuals likely to repeat self-harm could improve outcomes and reduce suicide risk. Various neurocognitive deficits have been found in people who self-harm, but the ability of these to predict repetition has yet to be established Aims:Identify neurocognitive factors that may predict repetition of self-harm. Methods:Systematic narrative review of English language publications assessing neurocognitive functioning and self-harm repetition, searching multiple databases from inception to March 2015. Quality of studies was appraised. A narrative synthesis was performed. Results:7026 unique records were identified, and 169 full-texts assessed. 15 unique studies provided data. No imaging studies could be included. Most studies assessed cognitive control or problem solving, but neither factor was consistently associated with repetition. However, specific tasks may show promise. Two studies in adolescents suggest that value-based decision-making impairments could be predictive of repetition. There were too few results for memory to draw specific conclusions. Conclusions:Selected studies suggest promise for particular neurocognitive factors and specific cognitive tasks in terms of repetition of self-harm.

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Section: Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review

Cates

Rees

Jollant

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Glenn and Klonsky (2010) found no differences in response inhibition between participants who self-injured and those who did not. Fikke et al (2011) reported that adolescents engaging in "low-severity" NSSI were poorer at inhibiting initiated responses compared to those engaging in "high-severity" NSSI, but both groups performed comparably to healthy controls. Notably, no previous research has directly assessed inhibitory control over emotional responses among people who self-injure, an omission that may partially explain mixed findings in this literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Only two studies have examined inhibitory control specifically in people who self-injure (Glenn and Klonsky, 2010;Fikke et al, 2011), employing the Stop Signal Task (SST; to assess behavioral response inhibition. On each trial in this task, participants are presented with either a right-or left-facing arrow, and must quickly press the button that corresponds to the direction of the stimulus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control in people who self-injure: Evidence for impairment and enhancement

Allen

Hooley

2015

Psychiatry Research

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“…It is also clear that NSSI is an international phenomenon, having been studied in Turkey [21], Hong Kong [25,26], Singapore [27], Austria [19], Belgium [28], Germany [17,18,19], Italy [29,30], the Netherlands [30], Switzerland [19], Hungary [31], Norway [32], Sweden [33], Iceland [34] and Australia [23,35], in addition to the USA and Canada.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Nssimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: An Emotion Regulation Perspective

2014

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Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is widely thought to serve an emotion-regulatory function. Method: The focus of the present paper is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding how NSSI might modify a person's emotions. Results: Drawing upon the process model of emotion regulation, we argue that 5 families of emotion regulation strategies may be engaged by NSSI. Individuals may engage in NSSI as an alternative to more distressing situations. They also may use NSSI to modify their social environment. Individuals may shift their attention away from unpleasant emotions or thoughts via NSSI. NSSI may change cognitions about the self via self-punishment or transformation of the self from higher-order to lower-order awareness. NSSI may also bring about various physiological effects, such as changes in endogenous opioids or parasympathetic nervous system activation, as a way of modulating emotional responses. Conclusion: Simply labeling NSSI as ‘emotion regulatory' does not tell us precisely what is going on. This is because at any given moment, NSSI can serve to regulate emotions in many different ways. One key challenge is to clarify the precise functions NSSI may be serving for a given individual in a particular context.

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Executive functions are impaired in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury

Abstract: This study demonstrates that NSSI subgroups have distinct deficits in EFs. The high-severity NSSI group has working memory deficits, while the low-severity NSSI group has impaired inhibitory control. This supports the emotion regulation hypothesis.

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review

Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review

Inhibitory control in people who self-injure: Evidence for impairment and enhancement

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: An Emotion Regulation Perspective

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