Executive functioning profiles of adult and juvenile male sexual offenders: A systematic review

Adjorlolo, Samuel; Egbenya, Daniel Lawer

doi:10.1080/14789949.2016.1141431

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This hampered research into moderating effects of participant characteristics. Many studies on specific mental illnesses, traits, executive functioning, and personality profiles of adolescents who have sexually offended have been conducted (Adjorlolo and Egbenya 2016;Glowacz and Born 2012;Hart-Kerkhoffs et al 2009;Lawing et al 2010;Margari et al 2015;Purcel 2010;Seto and Lalumière 2010). None of the studies included in the current meta-analysis, however, reported on psychological profiles or the specific treatment needs juveniles presented at admission that deemed them eligible or in need of specific treatment (other than their type of offending behavior).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In accordance with findings from research on adult sex offenders, it was assumed that dynamic risk factors explaining juvenile sex offending would differ from dynamic risk factors explaining non-sexual juvenile delinquency, and that specific treatment for juveniles who had sexually offended would be needed to target these dynamic risk factors (Barbaree and Marshall 2006). Recent research, however, shows that juveniles who have sexually offended differ psychologically from adult sex offenders (Adjorlolo and Egbenya 2016). And that notably, in general, dynamic risk factors for juvenile sex-offense recidivism do not always differ from risk factors for juvenile general offense recidivism (Carpentier and Proulx 2011;Christiansen and Vincent 2013;Worling and Långström 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Treatment Effect on Recidivism for Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended: a Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Beek

Spruit

Kuiper

et al. 2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The current study investigated the effect on recidivism of treatment aimed at juveniles who have sexually offended. It also assessed the potential moderating effect of type of recidivism, and several treatment, participant and study characteristics. In total, 14 published and unpublished primary studies, making use of a comparison group and reporting on official recidivism rates, were included in a multilevel meta-analysis. This resulted in the use of 77 effect sizes, and 1726 participants. A three-level meta-analytic model was used to calculate the combined effect sizes (Cohens d) and to perform moderator analyses. Study quality was assessed with the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A moderate effect size was found (d = 0.37), indicating that the treatment groups achieved an estimated relative reduction in recidivism of 20.5% as compared to comparison groups. However, after controlling for publication bias, a significant treatment effect was no longer found. Type of recidivism did not moderate the effect of treatment, indicating that treatment groups were equally effective for all types of recidivism. Also, no moderating effects of participant or treatment characteristics were found. Regarding study characteristics, a shorter follow up time showed a trend for larger effect sizes, and the effect size calculation based on proportions yielded larger effect sizes than calculation via mean frequency of offending. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Treatment Effect on Recidivism for Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended: a Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Beek

Spruit

Kuiper

et al. 2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Similar to the criticisms of neuroimaging, these assessment approaches exhibit limitations such as, identifying functioning capacities found present across an array of psychological disorders, difficulty differentiating groups of individuals, and a lack of empirical evidence. For example, neuropsychological assessments have rendered deficits in cognitive flexibility seen in individuals with unhealthy eating (Fagundo et al 2012), substance abuse (Cunha et al 2010), traumatic brain injury (Rabinowitz and Levin 2014), and sex offenders (Adjorlolo and Egbenya 2016).…”

Section: Legal Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical Differences Among Sexual Offenders: A Targeted Review with Limitations and Implications for Future Directions

Kirk-Provencher

Nelson-Aguiar

Spillane

2020

Violence and Gender

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As sexual assault and child sexual abuse continue to be worldwide public health concerns, research has continued to explore factors associated with sexual offending. Structural and functional neuroanatomical brain differences have been examined in an effort to differentiate sexual offenders and their behavior. This targeted review searched PubMed and Google Scholar for empirical studies using brain imaging techniques to examine possible structural or functional differences among control groups compared with at least one group of sexual offenders with contact offenses. This targeted review summarizes the structural and functional findings of 15 brain imaging studies (i.e., computed tomography, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging), which suggest possible differences in brain size and gray matter volume, cortical thickness, white matter connectivity, and specific structural and functional differences among brain regions (fronto-temporal region, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, etc.). The methodological limitations of brain imaging studies and the associated findings with regard to sexual offenders are highlighted, as research indicates that many of the proposed differences in brain structure and function are not unique to this population. We further highlight several limitations to using neuroimaging studies to examine this population of interest, including publication bias, small sample size, underpowered studies, and all-male samples. As these results are mixed and findings are not seemingly unique to sexual offenders, we suggest future sexual offender research may benefit from focusing on more financially feasible options, such as neuropsychological assessment approaches, to assess for and attend to offenders' criminogenic and rehabilitative/therapeutic needs in alignment with the risk-need-responsivity model.

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“…Contemporary evidence suggests that EF is dependent on the integrity of the network interactions between and among several cerebral, cortical, and subcortical brain regions (Alvarez & Emory, 2006; Stuss, 2011). Despite the lack of consensus on the definition of EF, the construct has been construed generally as a high-order cognitive control process relevant for self-regulation and self-directed behaviors, updating, set-shifting/cognitive flexibility, planning, and holding information “online” (i.e., working memory; see Adjorlolo & Egbenya, 2016; Jurado & Rosselli, 2007; Miyake & Friedman, 2012; Stuss, 2011). EF processes are relevant for behavior regulation and in performing basic (e.g., bathing and brushing) and instrumental (e.g., handling finances, food preparation) activities of daily living that are necessary for independent living.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding this, there is an indication that EF processes such as cognitive flexibility, inhibition of interference, and updating which are assessed by the frequently administered EF tests are highly impaired after TBI. Among the frequently administered EF tests are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Interference Task, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and the Porteus Maze (Adjorlolo & Egbenya, 2016; Rabin, Barr, & Burton, 2005). However, these tests have also been criticized for their little or poor predictive value of how a patient may perform on another test, as well as in complex real-world situation (the so-called ecological validity; Adjorlolo, 2016; Strauss, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Executive Function Tests in Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Ghana

Adjorlolo

2016

Assessment

Self Cite

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The sociocultural differences between Western and sub-Saharan African countries make it imperative to standardize neuropsychological tests in the latter. However, Western-normed tests are frequently administered in sub-Saharan Africa because of challenges hampering standardization efforts. Yet a salient topical issue in the cross-cultural neuropsychology literature relates to the utility of Western-normed neuropsychological tests in minority groups, non-Caucasians, and by extension Ghanaians. Consequently, this study investigates the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of executive function (EF) tests (The Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test), and a Revised Quick Cognitive Screening Test (RQCST) in a sample of 50 patients diagnosed with moderate traumatic brain injury and 50 healthy controls in Ghana. The EF test scores showed good diagnostic accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values of the Trail Making Test scores ranging from .746 to .902. With respect to the Stroop Test scores, the AUC values ranged from .793 to .898, while Controlled Oral Word Association Test had AUC value of .787. The RQCST scores discriminated between the groups, with AUC values ranging from .674 to .912. The AUC values of composite EF score and a neuropsychological score created from EF and RQCST scores were .936 and. 942, respectively. Additionally, the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, EF composite score, and RQCST scores showed good to excellent sensitivities and specificities. In general, this study has shown that commonly used EF tests in Western countries have diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity when administered in Ghanaian samples. The findings and implications of the study are discussed.

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Executive functioning profiles of adult and juvenile male sexual offenders: A systematic review

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Treatment Effect on Recidivism for Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended: a Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Treatment Effect on Recidivism for Juveniles Who Have Sexually Offended: a Multilevel Meta-Analysis

Neuroanatomical Differences Among Sexual Offenders: A Targeted Review with Limitations and Implications for Future Directions

Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Executive Function Tests in Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Ghana

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