Executive functioning in preschool children born very preterm: Relationship with early white matter pathology

Edgin, Jamie O.; Inder, Terrie E.; Anderson, Peter J.; Hood, Kelly M.; Clark, Caron A. C.; Woodward, Lianne J.

doi:10.1017/s1355617708080053

Cited by 122 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The combination of deficiencies in both mathematics and visual-perceptual skills, together with the high prevalence of abnormalities in white matter (Edgin et al, 2008), raises the possibility that MLD in these children are similar to the nonverbal LD described by Rourke (1993). However, injury to other brain structures, such as the hippocampus and parietal gray matter (Isaacs et al, 2000(Isaacs et al, , 2001 may also contribute to MLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mathematics deficiencies in children with very low birth weight or very preterm birth

Taylor

Espy

Anderson

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

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Children with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) or very preterm birth (VPTB, <32 weeks gestational age or GA) have more mathematics disabilities or deficiencies (MD) and higher rates of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) than normal birth weight term‐born children (NBW, >2500 g and >36 weeks GA). MD are found even in children without global disorders in cognition or neurosensory status and when IQ is controlled, and they are associated with other learning problems and weaknesses in perceptual motor abilities and executive function. Factors related to poorer mathematics outcomes include lower birth weight and GA, neonatal complications, and possible abnormalities in brain structure. While little is known about the nature of MD in these children, studies of MLD in other neurodevelopmental disorders and in children with learning disabilities provide useful models for further investigation. Further investigation of the neuropsychological and neuropathological correlates of distinct types of mathematics difficulties is also needed. Studies along these lines will yield information about the unique features of MD in children with VLBW/VPTB and about the nature and origins of poor mathematics achievement more generally. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:52–59.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mathematics deficiencies in children with very low birth weight or very preterm birth

Taylor

Espy

Anderson

2009

Dev Disabil Res Revs

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“…Results showed that preterm children had inhibition defi cits, as measured by responses to a Delayed Alternation Task. Edgin, Inder, Anderson, Hood, Clark, and Woodward ( 2008 ) examined inhibition and shifting abilities of 88 preterm children (GA of < 33 weeks), using scores on a Multi-Search Multi-Location task for 2-year-old children, and Detour Reaching Box scores for 4-year-old children. They concluded that preterm children present inhibition and shifting defi cits as early as preschool age, and that these defi cits are linked with white matter abnormalities.…”

Section: Attentional Network Effi Ciency In Preterm Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children

Pizzo

Urben

Linden

et al. 2009

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Recent studies have reported specifi c executive and attentional defi cits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the diffi culties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004 ) to assess the effi ciency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5½ and 6½ years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specifi c defi cit in executive control abilities. We also observed a signifi cantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population. ( JINS , 2010, 16, 130-137.)

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“…VPT/VLBW children at the ages of 5 to 12 years perform poorer than full-term controls in inhibition tasks compared with same-aged controls [4,8,16]. Poor inhibition skills in VPT/VLBW children have been linked to cerebral lesions (e.g., haemorrhage) [21] and white matter abnormalities (e.g., reduction of white matter volume, ventricular dilatation, thinning of the corpus callosum, and delay in myelination) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that reason, shifting is suggested to be more complex than inhibition and WM [5]. Some studies have reported deficiencies in shifting of younger [8,15,39] and older VPT/VLBW children [4,40], as well as young VPT/VLBW adults [41]. In other studies, equal performance levels of shifting have been found in VPT/ VLBW and control children [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions of children born very preterm—deficit or delay?

et al. 2012

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This cross-sectional study examined the performance of children born very preterm and/or at very low birth weight (VPT/VLBW) and same-aged term-born controls in three core executive functions: inhibition, working memory, and shifting. Children were divided into two age groups according to the median (young, 8.00-9.86 years; old, 9.87-12.99 years). The aims of the study were to investigate whether (a) VPT/VLBW children of both age groups performed poorer than controls (deficit hypothesis) or caught up with increasing age (delay hypothesis) and (b) whether VPT/ VLBW children displayed a similar pattern of performance increase in executive functions with advancing age compared with the controls. Fifty-six VPT/VLBW children born in the cohort of 1998-2003 and 41 healthy-term-born controls were recruited. All children completed tests of inhibition (ColorWord Interference Task, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)), working memory (Digit Span Backwards, HAWIK-IV), and shifting (Trail Making Test, Number-Letter Sequencing, D-KEFS). Results revealed that young VPT/VLBW children performed significantly poorer than the young controls in inhibition, working memory, and shifting, whereas old VPT/VLBW children performed similar to the old controls across all three executive functions. Furthermore, the frequencies of impairment in inhibition, working memory and shifting were higher in the young VPT/ VLBW group compared with the young control group, whereas frequencies of impairment were equal in the old groups. In both VPT/VLBW children and controls, the highest increase in executive performance across the ages of 8 to 12 years was observed in shifting, followed by working memory, and inhibition. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that (a) poor performance in inhibition, working memory, and shifting of young VPT/VLBW children might reflect a delay rather than a deficit and (b) that VPT/VLBW children are likely to display a similar pattern of performance increase in these three executive functions compared with that of controls.

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Executive functioning in preschool children born very preterm: Relationship with early white matter pathology

Cited by 122 publications

References 46 publications

Mathematics deficiencies in children with very low birth weight or very preterm birth

Mathematics deficiencies in children with very low birth weight or very preterm birth

Attentional networks efficiency in preterm children

Executive functions of children born very preterm—deficit or delay?

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