Executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, and schizophrenia

Moritz, Steffen; Birkner, Christiane; Kloss, Martin; Jahn, Holger; Hand, Iver; Krausz, Michael

doi:10.1093/arclin/17.5.477

Cited by 105 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…Lesions of the dorsolateral PFC in primates, and of the analogous mPFC in rats, specifically impaired performance on ED set-shifting tasks (Birrell and Brown, 2000;Dias et al, 1996). Similar impairment of performance on the WCST was seen in patients with lesions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Stuss et al, 2000), and in patients suffering from a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders in which mPFC dysfunction has been implicated (Fossati et al, 1999;Goldstein et al, 2002;Moritz et al, 2002). These results indicate that optimal functioning of the mPFC is important in the cognitive processes that underlie attentional setshifting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Chronic Treatment with Desipramine Improves Cognitive Performance of Rats in an Attentional Set-Shifting Test

Lapiz

Bondi

Morilak

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Alterations in central monoaminergic neurotransmission are important in the actions of many antidepressants. This study tested the hypothesis that tonic elevation of noradrenergic (NA) neurotransmission in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) by chronic treatment with the selective norepinephrine (NE) reuptake blocker desipramine (DMI) may contribute to the beneficial cognitive effects of this antidepressant drug (AD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with DMI acutely (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or chronically for 21 days (7.5 mg/ kg/day via osmotic minipump) before assessing performance on an attentional set-shifting test. The extradimensional set-shifting component of this test reflects a process of cognitive flexibility that is dependent upon mPFC, and that we have shown previously to be facilitated by NA activity in mPFC. Microdialysis was performed to measure NE release in mPFC concurrently with behavioral testing. Acute DMI treatment produced an increase in extracellular NE levels in mPFC, and a modest improvement in overall performance across all task stages of the attentional set-shifting test, but failed to produce a significant improvement in any of the individual specific tasks comprising the test sequence. Chronic DMI treatment tonically elevated basal extracellular NE levels in mPFC, associated with a significant improvement in performance specifically on the extradimensional set-shifting component of the test. There was also a significant reduction in set loss errors in rats treated chronically with DMI. Hence, tonic elevation of NA transmission in mPFC by chronic DMI treatment was associated with a time-dependent facilitation of cognitive flexibility that may contribute to the mechanism whereby chronic treatment with ADs, specifically NE reuptake blockers, may exert a beneficial therapeutic effect on cognition in depressed patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Chronic Treatment with Desipramine Improves Cognitive Performance of Rats in an Attentional Set-Shifting Test

Lapiz

Bondi

Morilak

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Patients with major depression also have widespread executive dysfunctions, including working memory, set-shifting and inhibition processes, even during the euthymic state (Elliott et al 1998;Murphy et al 2001;Harvey et al 2004). Several studies have reported that depressed patients are impaired on verbal fluency tasks (Landro et al 2001;Moritz et al 2002;Ravnkilde et al 2002), Trail Making Tests (Austin et al 1999;Grant et al 2001;Moritz et al 2002), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Ilonen et al 2000;Grant et al 2001;Moritz et al 2002), and on the Tower of London task (Beats et al 1996;Elliott et al 1996). There is, however, some inconsistency, the deficit appearing only in endogenous cases in some studies (Austin et al 1999;Rogers et al 2004), while other authors failed to evidence executive functioning deficits in major depression regardless of the severity (Ravnkilde et al 2002).…”

Section: Cognitive Deficits In Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Biological Markers in Depression

Mößner

Mikova

Koutsilieri

et al. 2007

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

227

126

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Biological markers for depression are of great interest to aid in elucidating the causes of major depression. We assess currently available biological markers to query their validity for aiding in the diagnosis of major depression. We specifically focus on neurotrophic factors, serotonergic markers, biochemical markers, immunological markers, neuroimaging, neurophysiological findings, and neuropsychological markers. We delineate the most robust biological markers of major depression. These include decreased platelet imipramine binding, decreased 5-HT1A receptor expression, increase of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-6 in serum, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum, hypocholesterolemia, low blood folate levels, and impaired suppression of the dexamethasone suppression test. To date, however, none of these markers are sufficiently specific to contribute to the diagnosis of major depression. Thus, with regard to new diagnostic manuals such as DSM-V and ICD-11 which are currently assessing whether biological markers may be included in diagnostic criteria, no biological markers for major depression are currently available for inclusion in the diagnostic criteria.

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“…Findings of Moritz (2002) showed that better performance of OCD clients, when their performance on WCST was compared to schizophrenia and depressive. Previously most of the literature focused on investigating the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and depressive (Shabbir, & Ali, 2009), very few researches have focused on anxiety disorder regarding IQ, although some researchers have intensively studied executive functioning of OCD (Ji Lee et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WAIS-R is Intelligence test which requires full concentration if person mental status is disturbed; they cannot perform according to their capacities. In the present study we did not include any neurological test; but previous findings does relate IQ performance of psychiatric group to neuropsychological dysfunctions (Moritz et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A vast literature on cognitive functioning showed that frontal dysfunctions play a vital role in the geneses of schizophrenia (Liddle, 1999, see Moritz, 2002) depression (Rogers et al, see Moritz et al, 2002) and Obsessive compulsive disorder (Purcell,1998, see Moritz et al,2002, Spitznagel, & Suhr, 2002; Moritz et al further showed in their research suggested that healthy control showed superior performance relative to patients suffereing from depression and schizophrenia who exhibited comparatively deficits in all tasks where as OCD patients revealed dysfunctions in Trail-making Test and fluency tasks. As far as depression is concerned it is described by literature review that neurobiological system is involve in depression , people who are depressed tend to have low social support and low social support may lesson the person's ability to perform ( Keltner & Kring, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intellectual Functioning of Individuals with Mental Disorders on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale –Revised (WAIS –R)

Ali¹,

Yasin²

2011

IJPS

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The purpose of present research was to evaluate the intellectual functioning of individuals suffering from Major Depressive Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive disorder and Schizophrenia. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that the mean full scale IQ score of adults with Obsessive Compulsive disorder will be higher than the mean full-scale IQ score of adults with (i) Schizophrenia and (ii) Depression. Since the previous century research work has been started on intelligence investigating how it is related to psychiatric disorders e.g Goodman and Graham, (1996) found psychiatric problems as the strongest consistent predictor of intelligence quotient (IQ). Further several other researchers found the effects of psychological disorders on intellectual functions (Tallis et al. 1999; Savage et al. 2000; Zitterl et al, 2001; Tuna et al. 2005). Through purposive sampling technique; considering the independent group design, a sample of 90 (30 in each group) was selected from different psychiatric clinics and hospitals of Karachi-Pakistan. The age range was from 16 to 50 years (mean age=31.5 years).Their education level was Intermediate to Masters. After taking the consent from the authorities their diagnoses were taken from the concerned files. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R, Wechsler, 1981) was administered to assess the intellectual functioning of the patients, followed by Intake card and Case History Sheet of Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi. In order to interpret the results in statistical terminology t-test and ANOVA were computed. It was indicated that there is a significant difference between mean Full scale IQ scores of adults with Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. However an insignificant difference was found between mean full scale IQ scores of adults with Major Depressive disorder and Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).Implication of the findings have also discussed.

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Executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, and schizophrenia

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic Treatment with Desipramine Improves Cognitive Performance of Rats in an Attentional Set-Shifting Test

Chronic Treatment with Desipramine Improves Cognitive Performance of Rats in an Attentional Set-Shifting Test

Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Biological Markers in Depression

Intellectual Functioning of Individuals with Mental Disorders on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale –Revised (WAIS –R)

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