Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents With Perinatal HIV Infection and Perinatal HIV Exposure

Nichols, Sharon L.; Chernoff, Miriam; Malee, Kathleen; Sirois, Patricia A.; Woods, Steven Paul; Williams, Paige L.; Yildirim, Cenk; Delis, Dean C.; Kammerer, Betsy

doi:10.1093/jpids/piw049

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Memory/EF participants were similar to those in the larger AMP study except that they were more likely to have a peak viral load of .100 000 copies/mL (75% vs 61%, respectively; P = .03) [13]. Viral load and CD4% data are reported here for descriptive purposes; associations of memory and EF outcomes with markers of HIV disease severity were reported elsewhere [13,26].…”

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Associations of Memory and Executive Functioning With Academic and Adaptive Functioning Among Youth With Perinatal HIV Exposure and/or Infection

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Participant Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Associations of Memory and Executive Functioning With Academic and Adaptive Functioning Among Youth With Perinatal HIV Exposure and/or Infection

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…2 Our results are similar to other studies of youth with PHIV and PHEU youth in that they reveal generally low-average to average functioning across multiple memory and EF tasks, with increased risk observed among youth with histories of CDC Class C diagnoses. 37, 39–40 The results are encouraging in that they reveal no significant group differences or declines in performance among youth with PHIV and PHEU during two years of follow-up. The noted slight improvement in multiple EF and memory tasks could be a result of age-appropriate development, non-specific support services and/or to familiarity with test activities; the longitudinal reliability of each measure may be implicated as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…41 Participants in the Memory/EF substudy, including PHIV and PHEU youth, were enrolled between 2010 and 2012 at 8 of the 15 AMP sites in the United States. 40 This paper presents analyses of change in memory and EF from baseline to follow-up two years later (herein referred to as “follow-up”). Eligibility criteria included enrollment in AMP, age 9 to <19 years at Memory/EF enrollment, ability to participate in testing procedures, and fluency in English (because some study measures were available only in English).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV Disease Upon Longitudinal Changes in Memory and Executive Functioning

Malee

Chernoff

Sirois

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Little is known regarding effects of perinatally-acquired HIV infection (PHIV) on longitudinal change in memory and executive functioning (EF) during adolescence, despite the importance of these skills for independence in adulthood. Methods PHIV (n=144) and perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected youth (PHEU, n=79), ages 12–17, completed standardized tests of memory and EF at baseline and two years later. Changes from baseline for each memory and EF outcome were compared between PHEU and PHIV youth with (PHIV/C, n=39) and without (PHIV/non-C, n=105) history of CDC Class C (AIDS-defining) diagnoses. Among PHIV youth, associations of baseline and past disease severity with memory and EF performance at follow-up were evaluated using adjusted linear regression models. Results Participants were primarily black (79%); 16% were Hispanic; 55% were female. Mean memory and EF scores at follow-up generally fell in the low-average to average range. Pairwise comparison of adjusted mean change from baseline to follow-up revealed significantly greater change for PHIV/non-C compared to PHEU youth in only one verbal recognition task, with a difference in mean changes for PHIV/non-C versus PHEU of −0.99 (95%CI: −1.80, −0.19; p=0.02). Among youth with PHIV, better immunologic status at baseline was positively associated with follow-up measures of verbal recall and recognition and cognitive inhibition/flexibility. Past AIDS-defining diagnoses and higher peak viral load were associated with lower performance across multiple EF tasks at follow-up. Conclusions Youth with PHIV demonstrated stable memory and EF during a two-year period of adolescence, allowing cautious optimism regarding long-term outcomes.

show abstract

“…Youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) may show cognitive deficits as well as developmental delay even among those with reconstituted immunologic and virologic status, (Cohen et al, 2014; Crowell et al, 2014; Ene et al, 2014; Koekkoek et al, 2008; Linn et al, 2015; Malee et al, 2016; Martin et al, 2006; Nichols et al, 2016; Nozyce et al, 2006; Redmond et al, 2016; Sherr et al, 2014; Sirois et al, 2016; Smith et al, 2012; Smith and Wilkins, 2015) making PHIV a common infectious cause of perinatally-acquired developmental disability globally (Armstrong et al, 1993; Institute of Medicine, 2001; UNAIDS, 2015). Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for children with PHIV has resulted in substantial improvements in health with survival beyond childhood and reductions in morbidity and mortality (Brady et al, 2010; Gona et al, 2006; Hazra et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower total and regional grey matter brain volumes in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV infection: Associations with HIV disease severity, substance use, and cognition

Angeles

Williams

Huo

et al. 2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite improved survival due to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) show cognitive deficits and developmental delay at increased rates. HIV affects the brain during critical periods of development, and the brain may be a persistent reservoir for HIV due to suboptimal blood brain barrier penetration of cART. We conducted structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and cognitive testing in 40 PHIV youth (mean age=16.7 years) recruited from the NIH Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) who are part of the first generation of PHIV youth surviving into adulthood. Historical and current HIV disease severity and substance use measures were also collected. Total and regional cortical grey matter brain volumes were compared to a group of 334 typically-developing, HIV-unexposed and uninfected youth (frequency-matched for age and sex) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study (mean age=16.1 years). PHIV youth had smaller (2.8 – 5.1%) total and regional grey matter volumes than HIV-unexposed and uninfected youth, with smallest volumes seen among PHIV youth with higher past peak viral load (VL) and recent unsuppressed VL. In PHIV youth, worse cognitive performance correlated with smaller volumes. This pattern of smaller grey matter volumes suggests that PHIV infection may influence brain development and underlie cognitive dysfunction seen in this population. Among PHIV youth, smaller volumes were also linked to substance use (alcohol use: 9.0 – 13.4%; marijuana use: 10.1 – 16.0%). In this study, collection of substance use information was limited to the PHIV cohort; future studies should also collect substance use information in controls to further address interactions between HIV and substance use on brain volume.

show abstract

Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents With Perinatal HIV Infection and Perinatal HIV Exposure

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Associations of Memory and Executive Functioning With Academic and Adaptive Functioning Among Youth With Perinatal HIV Exposure and/or Infection

Associations of Memory and Executive Functioning With Academic and Adaptive Functioning Among Youth With Perinatal HIV Exposure and/or Infection

Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV Disease Upon Longitudinal Changes in Memory and Executive Functioning

Lower total and regional grey matter brain volumes in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV infection: Associations with HIV disease severity, substance use, and cognition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About