Executive Function, Theory of Mind, and Adaptive Behavior

Coulacoglou, Carina; Saklofske, Donald H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802219-1.00005-5

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 268 publications

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“…Our study confirmed the decrease in performance with increase in task difficulty (Granholm et al, 1996;Tokuda et al, 2011). We observed that L1NS, STDP, and LPF increased with increase in task difficulty, consistent with the study reported by Coulacoglou and Saklofske (2017). In all the cases, we observed that the parameter corresponding to a difficult task (3-Back and difficult arithmetic) was significantly higher than that corresponding to an easy task (1-Back and easy arithmetic).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation Between Physiological and Performance-Based Metrics to Estimate Pilots' Cognitive Workload

Hebbar

Bhattacharya²,

Prabhakar³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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This paper discusses the utilization of pilots' physiological indications such as electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, ocular parameters, and pilot performance-based quantitative metrics to estimate cognitive workload. The study aims to derive a non-invasive technique to estimate pilot's cognitive workload and study their correlation with standard physiological parameters. Initially, we conducted a set of user trials using well-established psychometric tests for evaluating the effectiveness of pupil and gaze-based ocular metrics for estimating cognitive workload at different levels of task difficulty and lighting conditions. Later, we conducted user trials with the NALSim flight simulator using a business class Learjet aircraft model. We analyzed participants' ocular parameters, power levels of different EEG frequency bands, and flight parameters for estimating variations in cognitive workload. Results indicate that introduction of secondary task increases pilot's cognitive workload significantly. The beta frequency band of EEG, nearest neighborhood index specifying distribution of gaze fixation, L1 Norm of power spectral density of pupil diameter, and the duty cycle metric indicated variations in cognitive workload.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation Between Physiological and Performance-Based Metrics to Estimate Pilots' Cognitive Workload

Hebbar

Bhattacharya²,

Prabhakar³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…In this task, participants are tasked to respond to certain stimuli (the "go" stimuli") but also instructed to not respond to other stimuli (the "no-go" stimuli). The main measure in this task is the commission error rate, which is the rate of making a "go" response during a "no-go" trial [66].…”

Section: Event-related Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Use of Electroencephalography for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abdallah

2021

URNCST Journal

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Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia characterized by a buildup of ꞵ-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Prior to the development of Alzheimer's disease, patients may experience mild cognitive impairment, characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities while maintaining independent function. Electroencephalography has shown promise as a clinical predictor of mild cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study is to review the existing literature on clinical biomarkers using resting-state electroencephalography or event-related potentials to differentiate Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment from normal aging. Methods: A search of primary research articles was conducted in PubMed. Selected articles examined mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease utilising electroencephalography, event-related potential data, and resting-state data. Reviews, conference abstracts, and studies without human controls were excluded. Results: Our search identified 100 and 125 records on resting-state and event-related potential data, respectively. The most common findings from resting-state studies included a reduction in alpha power, an increase in delta and theta power, a reduction in signal complexity, and differences in functional connectivity. The most common findings from event-related potential studies included reduction in P3 wave amplitude, as well as latency in both P3 and N2 waves. Discussion: Resting-state and event-related potential electroencephalography studies indicate distinct changes in oscillatory brain activity and waveform shape which indicate distinct differences in MCI or AD compared to HC which may be clinically relevant. Conclusion:There is evidence to support the use of certain electroencephalographic biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment. Future research should seek to examine how best to apply these findings in a clinical setting.

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“…Yet, we cannot predict the frequency effect on task processing a priori. Even though, a large number of studies investigated working memory by manipulating working-memory load and stimulus modality under single and dual-task conditions, there is still little systematic research on how n-back task properties like stimulus frequency affects performance (Coulacoglou & Saklofske 2017).…”

Section: Scheduled Interruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescheduled Interleaving of Processing Reduces Interference in Motor-Cognitive Dual Tasks

Langhanns

Müller

2020

Journal of Cognition

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Continuous motor tasks like walking have the potential to allow a dynamic allocation of processing resources when interrupted by intermittent cognitive tasks. The degree to which a successful interleaving of processing streams of both tasks is possible may depend on the temporal regularity of events. Fifteen subjects participated in an experiment where we systematically manipulated the regularity of stimulus onsets in a 2-back task relative to the step cycle. We tested three conditions where stimulus onset was always synchronous to a defined event in the stride (right heel strike, left heel strike, and midway between two heel strikes) and two conditions where the temporal location of the stimulus shifted from stride to stride. In order to test for potential effects of task difficulty, we also manipulated walking speed. We measured reaction times, accuracy of the reactions and several measures describing motor performance. There was no sign of task interference in these measures when stimuli always appeared at the same relative location within the step cycle. However, we observed prolonged reaction times when the stimulus came up earlier than expected. Surprisingly, in the other non-regular regime, where the stimulus appeared later than expected, reaction times were fastest. We interpret this result in the light of a prescheduled allocation of processing resources that is linked to the cyclic profile of processing requirements of the motor task.

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Executive Function, Theory of Mind, and Adaptive Behavior

Cited by 29 publications

References 268 publications

Correlation Between Physiological and Performance-Based Metrics to Estimate Pilots' Cognitive Workload

Correlation Between Physiological and Performance-Based Metrics to Estimate Pilots' Cognitive Workload

Examining the Use of Electroencephalography for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Prescheduled Interleaving of Processing Reduces Interference in Motor-Cognitive Dual Tasks

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