Executive function predicts the visuospatial working memory in autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Wang, Zengjian; Jin, Jing; Igarashi, Kazue; Fan, Lijun; Si-yuan, Yang; Li, Yongmei; Yu, Jun

doi:10.1002/aur.1967

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, measurement of the visuospatial working memory by the Corsi block-tapping task did not show any significant difference between controls and ADHD neither before nor after training. This finding is in agreement with the observation that visuospatial working memory is not specifically impaired in ADHD [68][69][70] and that dual n-back task is a working memory task affecting circuits other than those involved in visuospatial processing [66,[71][72][73][74].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the attentional processes in a probabilistic gambling task. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) triggered by the choice of the amount wagered in the gambling task were recorded, before and after WMT with a the dual n-back task, in young ADHD adults and matched controls. For each group of participants, randomly assigned individuals were requested to perform WMT with a fixed baseline level of difficulty. The remaining participants were trained with a performance-dependent adaptive n-level of difficulty. Results: We compared the ERP recordings before and after 20 days of WMT in each subgroup. The analysis was focused on the time windows with at least three recording sites showing differences before and after training, after Bonferroni correction ( p < 0.05 ). In ADHD, the P1 wave component was selectively affected at frontal sites and its shape was recovered close to controls’ only after adaptive training. In controls, the strongest contrast was observed at parietal level with a left hemispheric dominance at latencies near 900 ms, more after baseline than after adaptive training. Conclusion: Partial restoration of early selective attentional processes in ADHD patients might occur after WMT with a high cognitive load. Modified frontal sites’ activities might constitute a neural marker of this effect in a gambling task. In controls, conversely, an increase in late parietal negativity might rather be a marker of an increase in transfer effects to fluid intelligence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our data showed that the different EF indicators contributed to predict the ability of face retrieving in all clinical groups. Concretely, to the children with ASD-only, categories completed (CC) effectively predicted the accuracy of face retrieving which is consistent with our former study [34]; and the perseverative responses errors (RPE) predicted the individual differences of face retrieving in both ADHD and ASD with ADHD symptoms group. Moreover, some scholars suggested that the ability of EF may have an important compensation function in patients with ASD [62,65,66].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Consistent with our former finding [34], the present study didn't support the deficits of VSWM in ADHD group. By contrast, several previous studies revealed that children with ADHD had impairments on VSWM [10,11,58].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…In our former study, we found that children with ASD performed worse than neurotypical controls (NTC) during VSWM task (tapping test), but there were no differences between ADHD and NTC [34]. More importantly, we found different indices of EF measured by Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST) made contributions to the VSWM in children with ASD and ADHD respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on Face Encoding and Retrieving in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Chen¹,

Wang²,

Wan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundVisuospatial working memory (VSWM) impairments were common in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the detailed processing characteristics when facing face stimuli has not been studied. The present study aimed to explore the deficits of face encoding and retrieving, two processing periods of VSWM, in children with ASD. Furthermore, the influence of comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and executive function (EF) on VSWM were discussed.MethodsA sample of 98 children were analyzed in the present study including ASD- (ASD-only, n = 24), ADHD (n = 23), ASD+ (with ADHD symptoms, n = 23) and neurotypical controls (NTC, n = 28). Social Responsive Scale (SRS) and Swanson, Nolan, Pelham-IV rating scales (SNAP-IV) were applied to measure autistic and ADHD-related symptoms. We employed face encoding and retrieving task to examine the ability of VSWM as well as Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST) to assess the EF.ResultsWe found that the children with ASD- exhibited lower accuracy in both face encoding and retrieving, while subjects with ASD + showed lower accuracy in the face retrieving. No evidence implied a deficit of VSWM in ADHD group. We also found diverse indices of EF contributed to the individuals’ differences of VSWM performance in different clinical groups: categories completed (CC) predicted the accuracy of face retrieving in ASD- group; perseverative responses errors (RPE) predicted the response time (RT) of face retrieving in ADHD and ASD + group; while failure to maintain set (FMS) and RPE predicted the RT of face encoding in ASD + group.LimitationsThe sample size is still small and the sample mainly comprised of intellectually able participants. Therefore, our findings should not be overinterpreted.ConclusionOur findings indicate that comorbid with ADHD symptoms and EF may modulate the deficit of face encoding in children with ASD. The study shed lights on the transdiagnostic neurocognitive basis and re-emphasize the importance of considering ADHD-comorbid condition in ASD.Qi Chen and Zengjian Wang contributed equally to this work as the joint first authors.

show abstract

“…Supplementarily, to examine whether these networks were specifically associated with impaired cognitive flexibility or overlapped with a brain network associated with other cognitive deficits, we performed additional ANCOVA to explore functional networks associated with non-PE related scores in WCST. Following the previous literatures (Aizawa et al, 2012; Nyhus and Barcelo, 2009; Wang et al, 2018), difficulties of maintenance set (DMS: reflect response consistency associated with memory and sustained attention), efficient errors (reflect efficiency of try and error process of hypothesis testing necessary to successfully execute the task) and numbers of response cards until the first category was achieved (NUCA: reflects conceptual ability) were used as covariates of interest in additional ANCOVA. We also controlled for age, gender, verbal IQ, and %PE scores in these additional ANCOVA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunction between dorsal caudate and salience network associated with impaired cognitive flexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study

Tomiyama

Nakao

Murayama

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundImpaired cognitive flexibility has been implicated in the genetic basis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Recent endophenotype studies of OCD showed neural inefficiency in the cognitive control network and interference by the limbic network of the cognitive control network. Exploring the relationship between the functional brain network and impaired cognitive flexibility may provide novel information about the neurobiological basis of OCD.MethodsWe obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans and measured the cognitive flexibility of 37 medication-free OCD patients and 40 healthy control (HC) participants using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We explored the difference between OCD and HC groups in the functional brain network related to impaired cognitive flexibility from the amygdala and dorsal striatal regions of interest (ROIs) by using a seed-based approach.ResultsSignificant differences between the OCD and HC groups were identified in the resting state functional network from the dorsal caudate. Increased functional connectivity from the dorsal caudate to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) was associated with poorer cognitive flexibility in the OCD group, but better cognitive flexibility in the HC group.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence that the impaired cognitive flexibility of OCD may be associated with dysfunctions of the brain network from the dorsal caudate (DC) to important nodes of the salience network. Our results extend the neuropsychological model of OCD by showing intrinsically different associations between OCD and HC in functional network and cognitive flexibility.

show abstract

Executive function predicts the visuospatial working memory in autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task

The Effect of Comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms on Face Encoding and Retrieving in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dysfunction between dorsal caudate and salience network associated with impaired cognitive flexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A resting-state fMRI study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About