Excretion-secretion products and proteases from live Sporothrix schenckii yeast phase: immunological detection and cleavage of human IgG

Rosa, Daniel Da; Gezuele, E.; Calegari, Luis; Goñi, Fernando

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652009000100001

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the secretion products of an S. schenckii pure yeast preparation were analyzed, demonstrating the presence of highly immunogenic proteins with molecular weights between 40 and 70 kDa, some of them with proteolytic activity. Although Proteinase I and II are thought to be present in this extract, proteases that were capable of cleaving different subclasses of human IgG were also found, which confirms the presence of different proteases activities performed by S. schenckii [ 63 ].…”

Section: Extracellular and Intracellular Proteinasessupporting

confidence: 67%

Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii

García-Carnero

Martínez-Álvarez

2022

JoF

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Sporothrix schenckii is one of the etiological agents of sporotrichosis. In this review, we discuss the virulence factors that have been proven to participate in the S. schenckii-host interaction. Among these known factors, we can find cell wall glycoproteins, adhesins, melanin, extracellular vesicles, and dimorphism. Furthermore, the morphological transition of S. schenckii in response to environmental conditions such as pH and temperature represents a means by which the fungus is able to establish mycosis in mammals. One of the key features in the development of sporotrichosis is the adhesion of the fungus to the host extracellular matrix. This event represents the first step to developing the mycosis, which involves adhesins such as the glycoproteins Gp70, Hsp60, and Pap1, which play a key role during the infection. The production of melanin helps the fungus to survive longer in the tissues and to neutralize or diminish many of the host’s attacks, which is why it is also considered a key factor in pathogenesis. Today, the study of human fungal pathogens’ virulence factors is a thriving area of research. Although we know some of the virulence factors in S. schenckii, much remains to be understood about the complex process of sporotrichosis development and the factors involved during the infection.

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Section: Extracellular and Intracellular Proteinasessupporting

confidence: 67%

Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii

García-Carnero

Martínez-Álvarez

2022

JoF

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“…Peptido-rhamnomannans of the fungal cell wall cause depression of immune response until the sixth week of infection and may act as a virulence factor (34). An antigenic preparation from the S. schenckii yeast phase shows proteolytic activity against different human IgG subclasses, suggesting that some secreted proteins may interfere with the immune response of the host (204). Due to the lack of information, characterization of S. schenckii proteins and determination of new virulence factors are imperative for a better understanding of sporotrichosis pathogenesis.…”

Section: Proteins Related To Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis

Barros

Paes²,

Schubach³

2011

Clin Microbiol Rev

519

677

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SUMMARY Sporotrichosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii , is currently distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Certain leisure and occupational activities, such as floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or in small outbreaks. Since the end of the 1990s there has been an epidemic of sporotrichosis associated with transmission by cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases have been reported. In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture. However, serological, histopathological, and molecular approaches have been recently adopted as auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of this mycotic infection. The first-choice treatment for both humans and cats is itraconazole.

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“…However, other relevant factors for the pathogenesis of these organisms need to be elucidated, as the mechanisms involving the colonization and rapid aggravation of the disease are still not clearly understood. Other virulence factors already known in S. schenckii are extracellular enzymes [20-22], adhesins [23,24] and melanin [25,26]. The major adhesin described on the cell surface of S. schenckii , gp70, has been shown to mediate the binding of yeast cells to the dermal matrix and to fibronectin [24,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Cell Morphometry, Cell Wall Topography and Gp70 Expression Correlate with the Virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis Clinical Isolates

et al. 2013

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Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious disease affecting both humans and animals. For many years, this subcutaneous mycosis had been attributed to a single etiological agent; however, it is now known that this taxon consists of a complex of at least four pathogenic species, including Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. Gp70 was previously shown to be an important antigen and adhesin expressed on the fungal cell surface and may have a key role in immunomodulation and host response. The aim of this work was to study the virulence, morphometry, cell surface topology and gp70 expression of clinical isolates of S. brasiliensis compared with two reference strains of S. schenckii. Several clinical isolates related to severe human cases or associated with the Brazilian zoonotic outbreak of sporotrichosis were genotyped and clustered as S. brasiliensis. Interestingly, in a murine subcutaneous model of sporotrichosis, these isolates showed a higher virulence profile compared with S. schenckii. A single S. brasiliensis isolate from an HIV-positive patient not only showed lower virulence but also presented differences in cell morphometry, cell wall topography and abundant gp70 expression compared with the virulent isolates. In contrast, the highly virulent S. brasiliensis isolates showed reduced levels of cell wall gp70. These observations were confirmed by the topographical location of the gp70 antigen using immunoelectromicroscopy in both species. In addition, the gp70 molecule was sequenced and identified using mass spectrometry, and the sequenced peptides were aligned into predicted proteins using Blastp with the S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis genomes.

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Excretion-secretion products and proteases from live Sporothrix schenckii yeast phase: immunological detection and cleavage of human IgG

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii

Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii

Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis

Differences in Cell Morphometry, Cell Wall Topography and Gp70 Expression Correlate with the Virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis Clinical Isolates

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