Excretion of Urea, Sodium, Potassium and Chloride in Human Tears

Thaysen, Jørn Hess; Thorn, Niels A.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.178.1.160

Cited by 87 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…However, the findings for LF glucose in this study are consistent with those in diabetic dogs, where LF glucose concentrations were higher than the LF glucose levels in normal dogs . The strong correlation between the LF and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations were seen in the cats of our study is consistent with the results in humans, dogs, and horses . This finding leads us to conclude that the biochemical analysis of LF has clinical utility for the diagnosis of an increased BUN in humans, horses, dogs, and cats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Tear glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations in cats with normal or increased plasma concentrations

Steinmetz

Jörn²,

Oechtering

et al. 2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective The aim of the study was to determine the lacrimal fluid (LF) contents of glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in cats. Animal studied A total of 96 cats were included in the study. Procedure Venous blood and LF samples were collected. For LF sampling, three small polyurethane sponges were placed in the ventral fornix of both eyes. Both LF and plasma concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were quantitatively analyzed and compared. Result Glucose (n = 40) and urea nitrogen concentrations (n = 42) measured in LF from both eyes highly correlated. While there was a very strong correlation (ρ = 0.97) between urea nitrogen concentrations in blood plasma and the corresponding tear levels (with the median LF urea nitrogen being 109% of that measured in plasma), the LF glucose concentrations were significantly lower than the corresponding plasma concentrations (with only 13% of the blood glucose concentration detected in the LF). The creatinine concentrations in tears were much lower than those in plasma, and LF creatinine was detectable in only 12/48 cats (25%). Hence, a comparison of the LF creatinine concentrations between both eyes or with the corresponding plasma creatinine concentration was not possible. Conclusion Measurement of LF urea nitrogen concentrations in cats appears to be reliable and might have potential clinical utility. Measurement of LF glucose concentrations is less reliable but may still be useful in some cats. Creatinine is not reliably detected in the LF in cats. Further studies determining clinical utility of LF metabolites in cats and other companion animals are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Tear glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen concentrations in cats with normal or increased plasma concentrations

Steinmetz

Jörn²,

Oechtering

et al. 2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…The lacrimal gland produces an isotonic fluid with a plasma-like Na concentration (Thaysen & Thorn, 1954;Thaysen, 1960;Alexander, van Lennep & Young, 1972) and secretes protein (peroxidase) by the process of exocytosis (Hertog, Sies & Miller, 1976;Keryer & Rossignol, 1976). Both secretary processes appear to be controlled by an action of actylcholine (ACh) on the lacrimal acinar cell membrane (Thaysen, 1960;Hertog et al 1976;Keryer & Rossignol, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane potential, resistance, and intercellular communication in the lacrimal gland: effects of acetylcholine and adrenaline.

Iwatsuki¹,

Petersen²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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The effects of ACh were blocked by atropine (1.4 x 106 M). Iontophoresis of isoprenaline never had any detectable effect on membrane potential or resistance.4. Applying de-or hyperpolarizing direct currents through one of the two intracellular micro-electrodes the effect of ACh or adrenaline could be observed at different levels of resting potential. Depolarizing the acinar cell membrane resulted in an enhanced stimulant-evoked hyperpolarization whereas hyperpolarizing the acinar cell membrane resulted in a reduction, and at potentials more negative than -60 mV in a reversal of the stimulant-evoked potential change. The ACh equilibrium potential (EACh) under control conditions was -56*6 mV + 1 1 and EAdrenaline was -61-4 mV + I 0.

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“…An alternate hypo thesis assumes th at acid is secreted by the parietal cell in low con centrations together with sodium, chloride and possibly another not yet identified anion. This weakly acid secretion is supposed to be changed in composition during its passage from the secretory cells to the lum en of the stomach by means of reabsorption and ion ex change, which take place in the cells lining the lumen of the stomach glands and fovcolae, as has already been dem onstrated to occur in the ducts of other glands [3,5,9,10,11]. Again another hypothesis assumes th a t acid is formed when a primary secretion containing Na, K and Cl from the fundus of the glands, passes along the parietal cells, which exchange H for Na [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%