Excretion of Thiamine and its Metabolites in the Urine of Young Adult Males Receiving Restricted Intakes of the Vitamin

Ziporin, Zigmund Z.; Nunes, William T.; Powell, Richard C.; Waring, Paul P.; Sauberlich, Howerde E.

doi:10.1093/jn/85.3.287

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…12 In such participants, under conditions of experimental dietary restriction of thiamine intake, its urinary excretion falls off significantly (levels <50 nmol/ d) and shortly thereafter all but disappears. 13,14 Urinary thiamine excretion <90 nmol/d parallels the appearance of biochemical evidence of subclinical thiamine deficiency. 15…”

Section: Pharmacology and Renal Handling Of Thiaminementioning

confidence: 95%

“…In that regard, at plasma concentrations of 20 to 50 nmol/L, a level that is 2‐ to 5‐fold higher than that seen in healthy volunteers not taking supplements, it is only half‐maximal 12 . In such participants, under conditions of experimental dietary restriction of thiamine intake, its urinary excretion falls off significantly (levels <50 nmol/d) and shortly thereafter all but disappears 13,14 . Urinary thiamine excretion <90 nmol/d parallels the appearance of biochemical evidence of subclinical thiamine deficiency 15 …”

Section: Pharmacology and Renal Handling Of Thiaminementioning

confidence: 97%

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Loop Diuretic Therapy, Thiamine Balance, and Heart Failure

Sica

2007

Congestive Heart Failure

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Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble B complex vitamin that was first discovered in 1910 in the process of exploring how rice bran cured patients of beriberi. Thiamine is not synthesized in humans, therefore its availability for necessary cellular processes hinges on its continual ingestion. The amount of thiamine one needs to ingest to maintain balance is disease state-dependent or medication-dependent. Severe chronic thiamine deficiency can have significant neurologic and cardiac effects, the latter is reflected in a particular type of heart failure called wet beriberi. This form of heart failure clearly benefits from thiamine supplementation. It is unclear, however, whether thiamine supplementation offers any benefit in other forms of heart failure. Despite this, it is not unreasonable for heart failure patients to routinely ingest a thiamine-containing multivitamin; patients using diuretics have an increased urinary excretion of thiamine and thus are at a higher risk for developing thiamine deficiency. The role of thiamine in heart failure, however, remains arguable.

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Section: Pharmacology and Renal Handling Of Thiaminementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pharmacology and Renal Handling Of Thiaminementioning

confidence: 97%

Loop Diuretic Therapy, Thiamine Balance, and Heart Failure

Sica

2007

Congestive Heart Failure

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“…Boric acid (3 g) was added to the containers as a urine preservative. In earlier studies, highly corrosive acids had been used as preservatives, that is glacial acetic acid (Mason and Williams, 1942;Mickelsen et al, 1947;Levy and Hewitt, 1971), concentrated hydrochloric acid (Sauberlich et al, 1979), concentrated sulphuric acid (Ziporin et al, 1965), to maintain urine pH below 4 to ensure thiamine stability (ICNND, 1963). However, thiamine is known to be stable in mildly acidic conditions, but becomes unstable and easily destructed at pH 8 or above, especially at high temperatures (Brody, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-four-hour urinary thiamine as a biomarker for the assessment of thiamine intake

et al. 2007

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Objective: To investigate 24-h urinary thiamine as a potential biomarker for thiamine intake for use in validation studies to assess the validity of dietary intake data collected by self-reporting dietary methods. Subjects: Seven male and six female healthy participants living for 30 days in a metabolic suite under strictly controlled conditions consuming their usual diet as assessed beforehand from four consecutive 7-day food diaries kept at home. During the 30-day study, all 24-h urine specimens were collected, validated for their completeness and analysed for thiamine. Results: Thirty-day mean (7s.d.) calculated thiamine intake was 2.2270.55 mg/day. Thirty-day mean (7s.d.) urinary excretion of thiamine was 526.57193.0 mg/day (24.778.10% of intake). There was a highly significant correlation between individuals' 30-day means of thiamine intake and their mean excretion level (r ¼ 0.720; P ¼ 0.006), where 1 mg of thiamine intake predicted 268.2 mg of thiamine in urine. The correlations between intake and excretion remained significant when measurement from a single 24-h urine collection was used (r ¼ 0.56). Conclusion: Twenty-four-hour urinary thiamine can be used as a concentration biomarker for thiamine intake in dietary validation studies.

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“…influences weight gain or loss [Brown andSnodgrass, 1965\ Hafez, 1963], It is interesting, however, that no abnor mality in behavior was observed among the rats on the thiamine-free synthetic diet dur ing the period of this study contrary to the report by Miller et al [1965]. Thus the obser vation reported here confirms the existence of a thiamine reservoir [Ziporin et al, 1965] capable of maintaining the body functions at normal levels for a time during the period of deficiency. Within this time limit, depletion of this reservoir proceeds gradually until a threshold is reached.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…Urinary excretion of thiamine and blood pyruvate levels have been used for the assessment of thiamine status. These methods are, however, of limited value since urinary excretion reflects only recent dietary intake and both methods are neither sensi tive enough nor specific in the evaluation of a marginal deficiency of this vitamin [Dewhurst and Morgan, 1970;Thompson, 1967;Zbinden, 1962;Bhuvaneswaran and Screenivasen, 1962;Ziporin et al, 1965]. Because of these limitations, measurements of the en zyme transketolase in red cell hemolysate [Basu et al, 1974] and in leukocytes [Cheng et al, 1969] have been reported to be more sensitive and specific than other methods in determining thiamine status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transketolase Activities and Body Weight Changes in Rats on Low Protein Diets

Si¹

1984

Ann Nutr Metab

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Transketolase activity was studied in rats fed a peasant diet containing 5.9% protein, carbohydrate diets (sucrose, glucose, lactose and starch, each containing 5.0% protein) and a normal diet which contained 21 % protein. The activity of the enzyme in red cell hemolysate was independent of the protein content of these diets. However, rats fed a low protein diet had significantly higher hepatic transketolase activity than those fed the normal diet. The hepatic transketolase activity was highest in rats fed a diet containing 4 mg thiamine/kg diet. Further dietary increase in the levels of this vitamin did not cause any further increase in the level of activity of the enzyme, thus suggesting that excess dietary thiamine may have a minimal effect on the activity of this enzyme.

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Excretion of Thiamine and its Metabolites in the Urine of Young Adult Males Receiving Restricted Intakes of the Vitamin

Cited by 40 publications

References 43 publications

Loop Diuretic Therapy, Thiamine Balance, and Heart Failure

Loop Diuretic Therapy, Thiamine Balance, and Heart Failure

Twenty-four-hour urinary thiamine as a biomarker for the assessment of thiamine intake

Transketolase Activities and Body Weight Changes in Rats on Low Protein Diets

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