Excretion of metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 in urine after controlled inhalation

Toennes, Stefan W.; Geraths, Anna; Pogoda, Werner; Paulke, Alexander; Wunder, Cora; Theunissen, Eef L.; Ramaekers, Johannes G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.016

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The procedure consisted of a two-hour hydrolysis step followed by an extraction lasting 15 min. Due to the unavailability of glucuronated metabolites, hydrolysis efficiency could not be established, but in agreement with previous studies, after hydrolysis hydroxymetabolite urinary concentration increased by 30% [14][15][16].…”

Section: A Simple and Selective Screening Analysis With Simultaneous supporting

confidence: 63%

“…A simple and selective screening analysis with simultaneous use of high-sensitivity GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS was applied for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-122, JWH-210 UR-144 and their respective metabolites JWH-122 N-(4-hydroxypentyl), JWH-122 N-(5-hydroxypentyl), JWH-210 N-(4-hydroxypentyl), JWH-210 N-(5-hydroxypentyl), UR-144 N-(4-hydroxypentyl) and UR-144 N-(5-hydroxypentyl) in urine. Particularly, hydroxy metabolites have been chosen as the main metabolites of parent synthetic cannabinoids as reported in previous studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The procedure consisted of a two-hour hydrolysis step followed by an extraction lasting 15 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UR-144 N-(5-hydroxypentyl) in urine. Particularly, hydroxy metabolites have been chosen as the main metabolites of parent synthetic cannabinoids as reported in previous studies [13][14][15][16]. The procedure consisted of a two-hour hydrolysis step followed by an extraction lasting 15 min.…”

Section: A Simple and Selective Screening Analysis With Simultaneous mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial screening of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in biological matrices is difficult since the few onsite or immunochemical tests available on the market are specific for single molecules and often only for parent drugs [10]. The rapid and continuous release of novel molecules and the need to detect not only parent drugs but also and especially drug metabolites require more specific and selective methodologies such as gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry [11][12][13][14][15][16]. We hereby propose a screening method for urinalysis of synthetic cannabinoids and principal metabolites using a fast sample extraction and two different analytical techniques: ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

UHPLC-HRMS and GC-MS Screening of a Selection of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Metabolites in Urine of Consumers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Objectives: The use of synthetic cannabinoids has increased around the world. As a result, the implementation of accurate analysis in human biological matrices is relevant and fundamental. Two different analytical technologies, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and high-sensitivity gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for the determination of three synthetic cannabinoids JWH-122, JWH 210, UR-144 and their metabolites in urine of consumers. Materials and Methods: Sample preparation included an initial hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and liquid-liquid extraction. The UHPLC-HRMS method included a Kinetex 2.6 u Biphenyl 100A (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) (Phenomenex, Italy) column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of mobile phase A (ammonium formate 2mM in water, 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (ammonium formate 2mM in methanol/acetonitrile 50:50 (v/v), 0.1% formic acid) and a full-scan data-dependent MS2 (ddMS2) mode was used (mass range 100–1000 m/z). The GC-MS method employed an ultra-Inert Intuvo GC column (HP-5MS UI, 30 m × 250 µm i.d, film thickness 0.25 µm; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and electron-impact (EI) mass spectra were recorded in total ion monitoring mode (scan range 40–550 m/z). Results: Both methods have been successfully used for screening of parent synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in urine samples of consumers. Conclusions: The screening method applied JWH-122, JWH-210, UR-144 and their metabolites in urine of consumers can be applied to other compounds of the JWH family.

show abstract

Section: A Simple and Selective Screening Analysis With Simultaneous supporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Simple and Selective Screening Analysis With Simultaneous mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

UHPLC-HRMS and GC-MS Screening of a Selection of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Metabolites in Urine of Consumers

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This principle is well known after intake of cannabis, and various algorithms have been developed for this purpose . For synthetic cannabinoids some data exist on the urinary pharmacokinetics and excretion rate of the metabolites of JWH‐018 and JWH‐073, whereas for other compounds, very little is known. Thus, for synthetic cannabinoids more data are needed before a recent intake can be unequivocally distinguished from residual drug excretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening, quantification, and confirmation of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine by UHPLC–QTOF–MS

Gundersen

Spigset

Josefsson

2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthetic cannabinoids are one of the most significant groups within the category new psychoactive substances (NPS) and in recent years new compounds have continuously been introduced to the market of recreational drugs. A sensitive and quantitative screening method in urine with metabolites of frequently seized compounds in Norway (AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, AB-CHMINACA, AM-2201, AKB48, 5F-AKB48, BB-22, JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-122, JWH-203, JWH-250, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, RCS-4, THJ-2201, and UR-144) using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) has been developed. The samples were treated with ß-glucuronidase prior to extraction and solid-phase extraction was used. Liquid handling was automated using a robot.Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18-column and a gradient of water and acetonitrile, both with 0.1% formic acid. Each sample was initially screened for identification and quantification followed by a second injection for confirmation. The concentrations by which the compounds could be confirmed varied between 0.1 and 12 ng/mL. Overall the validation showed that the method fulfilled the set criteria and requirements for matrix effect, extraction recovery, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and stability. One thousand urine samples from subjects in drug withdrawal programs were analyzed using the presented method. The metabolite AB-FUBINACA M3, hydroxylated metabolite of 5F-AKB48, hydroxylated metabolite of AKB48, AKB48 Npentanoic acid, 5F-PB-22 3-carboxyindole, BB-22 3-carboxyindole, JWH-018 N-(5-hydroxypentyl), JWH-018 N-pentanoic acid, and JWH-073 N-butanoic acid were quantified and confirmed in 2.3% of the samples. The method was proven to be sensitive, selective and robust for routine use for the investigated metabolites. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

show abstract

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Identification of New Analytes & Metabolites

Vikingsson

Gréen

Kronstrand

2022

Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excretion of metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 in urine after controlled inhalation

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

UHPLC-HRMS and GC-MS Screening of a Selection of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Metabolites in Urine of Consumers

UHPLC-HRMS and GC-MS Screening of a Selection of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Metabolites in Urine of Consumers

Screening, quantification, and confirmation of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine by UHPLC–QTOF–MS

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Identification of New Analytes & Metabolites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About