Excretion of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> during an Experimental Infection of Pregnant Goats with an Abortive Goat Strain CbC1

Arricau‐Bouvery, Nathalie; Souriau, Armel; Lechopier, Patrick; Rodolakis, Annie

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07422.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…When small ruminant farms are endemically infected, measures should be taken to minimize the potential aerosol formation from highly infected materials. The presence of an abortion storm may increase this risk because of a higher proportion of animals shedding and should be addressed appropriately as described below …”

Section: Control Of Coxiellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Plummer

McClure

Menzies

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Infections caused by Coxiella burnetii, commonly referred to as coxiellosis when occurring in animals and Query fever when occurring in humans, are an important cause of abortions, decreased reproductive efficiency, and subclinical infections in ruminants. The organism also represents an important zoonotic concern associated with its ability to aerosolize easily and its low infectious dose. Available diagnostic tests have limited sensitivity, which combined with the absence of treatment options in animals and limited approaches to prevention, result in difficulty managing this agent for optimal animal health and zoonotic disease outcomes. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide veterinarians and public health officials with a summary of the available information regarding management of C. burnetii infection in livestock populations. A discussion of currently available testing options and their interpretation is provided, along with recommendations on management practices that can be implemented on‐farm in the face of an outbreak to mitigate losses. Emphasis is placed on biosecurity measures that can be considered for minimizing the zoonotic transmission risk in both field and veterinary facilities.

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Section: Control Of Coxiellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Plummer

McClure

Menzies

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Humans contract the disease mainly by inhalation of airborne particles contaminated with C. burnetii (feces, milk or birth products -placenta and amniotic fluid-) of infected animals [3], [4]. During abortion, up to 10 9 C. burnetii cells per gram of placenta can be excreted [5]. Considering the infective dose of this bacterium has been reported to be close to one [6], these products are obviously hazardous to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Infectious Potential of Coxiella burnetii: A Study on Belgian Livestock Isolates

et al. 2013

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Q-fever is a zoonosis caused by the gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii. Since its discovery, and particularly following the recent outbreaks in the Netherlands, C. burnetii appeared as a clear public health concern. In the present study, the infectious potential displayed by goat and cattle isolates of C. burnetii was compared to a reference strain (Nine Mile) using both in vitro (human HeLa and bovine macrophage cells) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) models. The isolates had distant genomic profiles with one - the goat isolate - being identical to the predominant strain circulating in the Netherlands during the 2007–2010 outbreaks. Infective doses were established with ethidium monoazide-PCR for the first time here applied to C. burnetii. This method allowed for the preparation of reproducible and characterized inocula thanks to its capacity to discriminate between live and dead cells. Globally, the proliferative capacity of the Nine Mile strain in cell lines and mice was higher compared to the newly isolated field strains. In vitro, the bovine C. burnetii isolate multiplied faster in a bovine macrophage cell line, an observation tentatively explained by the preferential specificity of this strain for allogeneic host cells. In the BALB/c mouse model, however, the goat and bovine isolates multiplied at about the same rate indicating no peculiar hypervirulent behavior in this animal model.

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“…Goats, sheep and cattle are recognized as the main source of human infection [5][6][7][8]. Infected animals shed bacteria through various routes (parturition products, faeces, urine, vaginal mucus, milk) [4,9,10]. As the bacterium survives very well in the environment, humans can get infected by inhaling contaminated dusts or aerosols [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the effect of heterogeneity of shedding on the within herd Coxiella burnetii spread and identification of key parameters by sensitivity analysis

Courcoul

Monod

Nielen

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Coxiella burnetii is the bacterium responsible for Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis. Ruminants, especially cattle, are recognized as the most important source of human infections. Although a great heterogeneity between shedder cows has been described, no previous studies have determined which features such as shedding route and duration or the quantity of bacteria shed have the strongest impact on the environmental contamination and thus on the zoonotic risk. Our objective was to identify key parameters whose variation highly influences C. burnetii spread within a dairy cattle herd, especially those related to the heterogeneity of shedding. To compare the impact of epidemiological parameters on different dynamical aspects of C. burnetii infection, we performed a sensitivity analysis on an original stochastic model describing the bacterium spread and representing the individual variability of the shedding duration, routes and intensity as well as herd demography. This sensitivity analysis consisted of a principal component analysis followed by an ANOVA. Our findings show that the most influential parameters are the probability distribution governing the levels of shedding, especially in vaginal mucus and faeces, the characteristics of the bacterium in the environment (i.e. its survival and the fraction of bacteria shed reaching the environment), and some physiological parameters related to the intermittency of shedding (transition probability from a non-shedding infected state to a shedding state) or to the transition from one type of shedder to another one (transition probability from a seronegative shedding state to a seropositive shedding state). Our study is crucial for the understanding of the dynamics of C. burnetii infection and optimization of control measures. Indeed, as control measures should impact the parameters influencing the bacterium spread most, our model can now be used to assess the effectiveness of different control strategies of Q fever within dairy cattle herds.

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Excretion of Coxiella burnetii during an Experimental Infection of Pregnant Goats with an Abortive Goat Strain CbC1

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

Management of Coxiella burnetii infection in livestock populations and the associated zoonotic risk: A consensus statement

In Vitro and In Vivo Infectious Potential of Coxiella burnetii: A Study on Belgian Livestock Isolates

Modelling the effect of heterogeneity of shedding on the within herd Coxiella burnetii spread and identification of key parameters by sensitivity analysis

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