Excretion of DDT residues into milk of the Indian buffalo, <i>Bubalus bubalis</i> (L.) after oral and dermal exposure

Kalra, R. L.; Chawla, R. P.; Joia, B. S.; Tiwana, M. S.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780170209

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Archer (1976) indicated that the microorganisms present in dairy products could reduce DDT and DDE to DDD under anaerobic conditions. Earlier papers also encountered the existence of p,p'-DDD as a dominant metabolite, constituting more than 50 % of EDDT in Indian butter (Dhaliwal and Kalra, 1978;Kalra et al, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from India and their implications on human dietary exposure

Kannan¹,

Tanabe²,

Alluri³

et al. 1992

J. Agric. Food Chem.

163

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Foodstuffs collected from different regions in India were analyzed for the presence of HCH (BHC), DDT, HCB, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, and PCBs. Significantly high levels of food contamination with HCH, DDT, aldrin, and dieldrin were evident throughout India. Dairy products and livestock meat are the prime sources of human dietary exposure to these chemicals. Concentrations of these organochlorine compounds in a few dairy products were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set forth by the FAO/WHO as well as the Ministry of Health of the Indian government. The average daily intakes of HCH and DDT by Indians were estimated to be 115 and 48 ng/person, respectively, which were higher than those observed in most of the developed nations. The dietary intakes of aldrin and dieldrin exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommended by the FAO/WHO. Food pollution and dietary intakes of PCBs, HCB, and heptachlor were relatively low in India.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from India and their implications on human dietary exposure

Kannan¹,

Tanabe²,

Alluri³

et al. 1992

J. Agric. Food Chem.

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the limiting value (which may be defined as the concentration of a pesticide in feed and fodder if fed to lactating animals daily, the likely residues in milk will be less than their MRL values and safe for human consumption) of a pesticide in feed can be derived on the basis of its legal permissible limit in milk and its rate of transference from feed to milk. Based on short-term feeding experiments on buffaloes, the transfer coefficients of HCH isomers and DDT (Kalra et al 1986;Kalra 1988, 1993). Using these values, the limiting values of different pesticides in feed were calculated.…”

Section: Residues In the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in animal feed

Nag

Raikwar

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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Animal products like milk and meat are often found to be contaminated with residues of persistent pesticides and other toxic substances. The major source of entry of these compounds to animal body is the contaminated feed and fodder. So, unless the residues are managed at this stage, it is very difficult to prevent contamination in milk and meat. Therefore, the status of residue level of most persistent organochlorinated pesticides (OCP) in feed and fodder should be monitored regularly. The frequency of occurrence and contamination levels of OCP residues in different kinds of animal concentrate feed and straw samples collected from Bundelkhand region of India were determined. Out of 533 total samples, 301 i.e. 56.47% samples were positive containing residues of different OCPs like hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) complex, endosulfan and dicofol. Among different HCH isomers, the mean concentration of β-HCH was highest, and total HCH varied from 0.01 to 0.306 mg kg(-1). In case of DDT complex, i.e. DDD, DDE and DDT, the concentration ranged between 0.016 and 0.118 mg kg(-1) and the pp(|) isomers were more frequently encountered than their op(|) counterparts. Endosulfan was also found in some samples in concentration ranging from 0.009 to 0.237 mg/kg, but dicofol could be recorded in very few samples. Although feed samples were found to contain OC residues, after comparing their levels in positive samples with the limiting values of respective pesticides, only very few were found to exceed the threshold level. Otherwise, they were mostly within safe limits.

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“…Although the level of contamination of pond waters in our studies is relatively much less, yet the presence of HCH and DDT residues in pond waters is a matter of concern because consumption of contaminated pond waters by milch animals may lead to accumulation of lipophilic DDT and HCH residues in the animal body which ultimately gets secreted in milk (Kalra et al 1986). However, chances of further accumulation of DDT and HCH in soil and water in Haryana do not seem to be high because of restrictions imposed on their use on agricultural crops with effect from early ninties in India.…”

Section: Bdl -Below Detectable Limit Figures In Parentheses Denote Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

DDT and HCH Compounds in Soils, Ponds, and Drinking Water of Haryana, India

Kumari

Singh

Madan

et al. 1996

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Excretion of DDT residues into milk of the Indian buffalo, Bubalus bubalis (L.) after oral and dermal exposure

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Persistent organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from India and their implications on human dietary exposure

Persistent organochlorine residues in foodstuffs from India and their implications on human dietary exposure

Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in animal feed

DDT and HCH Compounds in Soils, Ponds, and Drinking Water of Haryana, India

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