Excluded emotions: The role of anger in antisocial responses to ostracism

Chow, Rosalind M.; Tiedens, Larissa Z.; Govan, Cassandra L.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.09.004

Cited by 218 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, social exclusion has broad effects on emotion and motivation and need not elicit anger. Exclusion increases sadness, lowers fundamental psychological needs, and can increase affiliative behavior (Chow, Tiedens, & Govan, 2008;Zadro, Williams, & Richardson, 2004). Moreover, in this previous study, participants were not asked to explicitly control their negative emotional responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Functional Polymorphism of the MAOA Gene Is Associated with Neural Responses to Induced Anger Control

Denson

Dobson‐Stone

Ronay³

et al. 2014

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract■ Aggressiveness is highly heritable. Recent experimental work has linked individual differences in a functional polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene (MAOA) to anger-driven aggression. Other work has implicated the dorsal ACC (dACC) in cognitive-emotional control and the amygdala in emotional arousal. The present imaging genetics study investigated dACC and amygdala reactivity to induced anger control as a function of MAOA genotype. A research assistant asked 38 healthy male undergraduates to control their anger in response to an insult by a rude experimenter. Men with the low-expression allele showed increased dACC and amygdala activation after the insult, but men with the high-expression allele did not. Both dACC and amygdala activation independently mediated the relationship between MAOA genotype and self-reported anger control. Moreover, following the insult, men with the high-functioning allele showed functional decoupling between the amygdala and dACC, but men with the low-functioning allele did not. These results suggest that heightened dACC and amygdala activation and their connectivity are neuroaffective mechanisms underlying anger control in participants with the low-functioning allele of the MAOA gene. ■

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Functional Polymorphism of the MAOA Gene Is Associated with Neural Responses to Induced Anger Control

Denson

Dobson‐Stone

Ronay³

et al. 2014

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Because of the importance of social connection to survival and reproduction in our evolutionary past (Caporeal, 2001;Foley, 1995), humans require meaningful and persisting associations with others for both physical and psychological well-being (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). A lack of social connection is associated with negative emotional states (Blackhart, Nelson, Knowles, & Baumeister, 2009), impairments in self-regulation (Baumeister, DeWall, Ciarocco, & Twenge, 2005), hostility and aggression (Chow, Tiedens, & Govan, 2008;Leary, Twenge, & Quinlivan, 2006), and negative health outcomes such as increased risk of contracting illnesses and greater risk of mortality (Cohen, Doyle, Skoner, Beyond a broad need for social connection, attachment theory specifically highlights the need for close bonds with trusted attachment figures (Bowlby, 1969;Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007). The attachment system is rooted in infant-caregiver connections, and becomes activated in response to distress and threat in order to prompt individuals to seek security and comfort from caregivers (Ainsworth & Bell, 1970;Bowlby, 1969).…”

Section: Normative Need For Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settling for less out of fear of being single.

Spielmann¹,

MacDonald²,

Maxwell³

et al. 2013

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

211

217

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The present research explores a novel construct of fear of being single, without a romantic partner. This research demonstrates that those who fear being single may lower their relationship standards without realizing it, even accounting for constructs typically examined in relationship research such as anxious attachment and neuroticism. Study 1 explored the content of people's thoughts about being single. Studies 2A and 2B involved the development and validation of the Fear of Being Single scale. Study 2C provided preliminary support for the hypothesis that fear of being single predicts settling for less in ongoing relationships, showing that fear of being single predicted greater dependence on unsatisfying relationships. Studies 3A and 3B explored the predictive ability of fear of being single for self-reported dating standards. Across both samples, fear of being single was unrelated to self-reported standards for a mate, with the exception of consistently higher standards for parenting. However, Studies 4 and 5 explored romantic interest in targets that were manipulated to vary in responsiveness (both Studies 4 and 5) and physical attractiveness (Study 5 only). These studies found that fear of being single consistently predicted higher levels of romantic interest in less responsive and less attractive dating targets. Taken together, the present research suggests that fear of being single is a meaningful predictor of settling for less in relationships.iii

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“…Social exclusion induced by Cyberball has led participants to feel increased amounts of anger and to engage in more antisocial behaviors, such as choosing an unappealing snack for other Bparticipants^ (Chow, Tiedens, & Govan, 2008). Some other studies have explored the effect of social exclusion from Cyberball on an additional task or measure of antisocial behavior (e.g., Dewall, Twenge, Gitter, & Baumeister, 2009).…”

Section: Cyberballmentioning

confidence: 99%

To be spurned no more: The affective and behavioral consequences of social and nonsocial rejection

2016

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Social pain is often associated with social rejection and shares neural correlates with the bothersome aspect of physical pain, which may also indicate an overlap in function. Pain has been described as a motivational signal to respond to the source of the pain in an adaptive way, such as by altering behavior. We tested whether social pain causes similarly adaptive alterations in behavior. Participants played computerized ball-tossing tasks with putative players-one who passed to and one who excluded the participant from play-in both a social and nonsocial version. We assessed the behavioral consequences of social pain by comparing the number of throws to each stimulus (social rejector vs. nonsocial rejector) over the course of the task. Posttask questionnaires assessed subjective feelings of social pain. A decrease in throws to the rejecting stimulus was only observed in the social version, indicating that rejection that is social in nature leads to change in behavior. Moreover, participants reported more negative feelings toward the rejecting stimulus in the social than in the nonsocial version. These subjective feelings of social pain mediated the effect of version of the game (social vs. nonsocial) on changes in behavior, indicating that social pain from social rejection causes changes in behavior.

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Excluded emotions: The role of anger in antisocial responses to ostracism

Cited by 218 publications

References 36 publications

A Functional Polymorphism of the MAOA Gene Is Associated with Neural Responses to Induced Anger Control

A Functional Polymorphism of the MAOA Gene Is Associated with Neural Responses to Induced Anger Control

Settling for less out of fear of being single.

To be spurned no more: The affective and behavioral consequences of social and nonsocial rejection

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