Excitatory-inhibitory windows shape coherent neuronal dynamics driven by optogenetic stimulation in the primate brain

Shewcraft, Ryan A.; Dean, Heather L.; Wong, Yan T.; Hagan, Maureen A.; Fabiszak, Margaret M.; Pesaran, Bijan

doi:10.1101/437970

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Under a frequency syntax, circuits and intracellular processes with different frequencies implement different functions. Oscillations do not only group synchronous outputs, but they also provide windows of opportunity in which neurons are sensitive to inputs via fluctuations between hyperpolarized and depolarized phases of neuronal membrane potentials (Shewcraft et al, 2020). Then, through the coordination of synchronous and sensitive oscillatory phases between brain regions, oscillations provide a spatial syntax to neural computation, enabling information-coding ensembles to effectively communicate with downstream readers during systematic timeframes (Fries, 2005;Hahn et al, 2019; but see Schneider et al, 2021 for critical considerations; Figure 3; middle).…”

Section: Figure 3 Oscillations As Orchestrators Of Neural Computationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling Measurements and Processes: On the Epiphenomenon Debate Surrounding Brain Oscillations in Field Potentials

van Bree,

Levenstein,

Krause

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Various theories in neuroscience maintain that brain oscillations have an important role in neuronal computation, but opposing views claim that these macroscale dynamics are “exhaust fumes” of more relevant processes. Here, we argue that the question of whether oscillations are epiphenomenal is ill-defined and cannot be productively resolved without further refinement. Toward that end, we outline a conceptual framework that clarifies the dispute along two axes: first, we introduce a distinction between measurement and process to categorize the theoretical status of electrophysiology terms such as local field potentials and oscillations. Second, we consider the relationships between these disambiguated terms, evaluating based on experimental and computational evidence whether there exist causal or inferentially useful links between them. This decomposes the question of epiphenomenalism into a set of empirically tractable alternatives. Finally, we demarcate oscillations as a conceptually distinct entity where either processes or measurements exhibit periodic behavior, and we suggest that oscillatory processes orchestrate neural computation by implementing a temporal, spatial, and frequency syntax. Overall, our reframed evaluation supports the view that electric fields—oscillating or not—are causally relevant, and that their associated signals are informative. More broadly, we offer a vocabulary and starting point for scientific exchanges on the role and utility of brain signals and the biological processes they capture.

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Section: Figure 3 Oscillations As Orchestrators Of Neural Computationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling Measurements and Processes: On the Epiphenomenon Debate Surrounding Brain Oscillations in Field Potentials

van Bree,

Levenstein,

Krause

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Assessment of optogenetically-driven strategies for prosthetic restoration of cortical vision in large-scale neural simulation of V1

Antolík

Sabatier

Galle

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The neural encoding of visual features in primary visual cortex (V1) is well understood, with strong correlates to low-level perception, making V1 a strong candidate for vision restoration through neuroprosthetics. However, the functional relevance of neural dynamics evoked through external stimulation directly imposed at the cortical level is poorly understood. Furthermore, protocols for designing cortical stimulation patterns that would induce a naturalistic perception of the encoded stimuli have not yet been established. Here, we demonstrate a proof of concept by solving these issues through a computational model, combining (1) a large-scale spiking neural network model of cat V1 and (2) a virtual prosthetic system transcoding the visual input into tailored light-stimulation patterns which drive in situ the optogenetically modified cortical tissue. Using such virtual experiments, we design a protocol for translating simple Fourier contrasted stimuli (gratings) into activation patterns of the optogenetic matrix stimulator. We then quantify the relationship between spatial configuration of the imposed light pattern and the induced cortical activity. Our simulations in the absence of visual drive (simulated blindness) show that optogenetic stimulation with a spatial resolution as low as 100 $$\upmu$$ μ m, and light intensity as weak as $$10^{16}$$ 10 16 photons/s/cm$$^2$$ 2 is sufficient to evoke activity patterns in V1 close to those evoked by normal vision.

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Excitatory-inhibitory windows shape coherent neuronal dynamics driven by optogenetic stimulation in the primate brain

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Decoupling Measurements and Processes: On the Epiphenomenon Debate Surrounding Brain Oscillations in Field Potentials

Decoupling Measurements and Processes: On the Epiphenomenon Debate Surrounding Brain Oscillations in Field Potentials

Assessment of optogenetically-driven strategies for prosthetic restoration of cortical vision in large-scale neural simulation of V1

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