Excitations of D-strings, entropy and duality

Das, Sumit R.; Mathur, Samir D.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00242-0

Cited by 112 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…so that there are effectively n w n p 'fractional' excitations on a 'long' string of length L T [10].…”

Section: Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black holes and beyond

Mathur

2012

Annals of Physics

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The black hole information paradox forces us into a strange situation: we must find a way to break the semiclassical approximation in a domain where no quantum gravity effects would normally be expected. Traditional quantizations of gravity do not exhibit any such breakdown, and this forces us into a difficult corner: either we must give up quantum mechanics or we must accept the existence of troublesome 'remnants'. In string theory, however, the fundamental quanta are extended objects, and it turns out that the bound states of such objects acquire a size that grows with the number of quanta in the bound state. The interior of the black hole gets completely altered to a 'fuzzball' structure, and information is able to escape in radiation from the hole. The semiclassical approximation can break at macroscopic scales due to the large entropy of the hole: the measure in the path integral competes with the classical action, instead of giving a subleading correction. Putting this picture of black hole microstates together with ideas about entangled states leads to a natural set of conjectures on many long-standing questions in gravity: the significance of Rindler and de Sitter entropies, the notion of black hole complementarity, and the fate of an observer falling into a black hole.

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“…so that there are effectively n w n p 'fractional' excitations on a 'long' string of length L T [10].…”

Section: Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black holes and beyond

Mathur

2012

Annals of Physics

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“…We are interested in the ground state which corresponds to one single long string; this string has a total effective length L ef f = n 1 n 5 L, where L = 2πR is the length of the x 5 circle. It was argued in [14] that the low energy excitations of a multiwound string are harmonic vibrations that carry left and right momentum in units of 2π/L ef f , but that the net momentum of the system must still be an integer multiple of 2π/L. The lowest excitation thus has one left and one right moving mode, with net momentum zero and a total energy…”

Section: The Length Scale Rn 1 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The slowly rotating near extremal D1–D5 system as a ‘hot tube’

2001

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The geometry of the D1-D5 system with a small angular momentum j has a long throat ending in a conical defect. We solve the scalar wave equation for low energy quanta in this geometry. The quantum is found to reflect off the end of the throat, and stay trapped in the throat for a long time. The length of the throat for j=1/2 equals n 1 n 5 R, the length of the effective string in the CFT; we also find that at this distance the incident wave becomes nonlinear. Filling the throat with several quanta gives a 'hot tube' which has emission properties similar to those of the near extremal black hole.

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“…For example, a U(N) gauge theory on a torus of m-dimensions whose typical length is L can have its lowest energy states of order 1/ (NL) (instead of 1/L) if N of the fields are arranged to be periodic after traversing one circle N times [1]. By introducing such locally flat but globally nontrivial connections, the effective size of the compact space is thereby increased by a factor of N, correspondingly reducing the spectrum of states.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soliton Solutions to the Einstein Equations in Five Dimensions

Clarkson

Mann

2006

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We present a new class of solutions in odd dimensions to Einstein's equations containing either a positive or negative cosmological constant. These solutions resemble the even-dimensional Eguchi-Hanson-(anti)-de Sitter ((A)dS) metrics, with the added feature of having Lorentzian signatures. They provide an affirmative answer to the open question as to whether or not there exist solutions with negative cosmological constant that asymptotically approach AdS 5 /Γ, but have less energy than AdS 5 /Γ. We present evidence that these solutions are the lowest-energy states within their asymptotic class.Weakly coupled non-abelian gauge theories on non-simply connected manifolds can have ground states of much lower energy than one might naively expect. For example, a U(N) gauge theory on a torus of m-dimensions whose typical length is L can have its lowest energy states of order 1/ (NL) (instead of 1/L) if N of the fields are arranged to be periodic after traversing one circle N times [1]. By introducing such locally flat but globally nontrivial connections, the effective size of the compact space is thereby increased by a factor of N, correspondingly reducing the spectrum of states. A string-theoretic interpretation of this phenomenon is that of the low-energy excitations of one D-brane wrapped N times around a circle, where the U(N) gauge theory describes the low energy excitations of N D-branes wrapped on the torus.The N 2 open strings connecting distinct D-branes in the latter case become N multiply identified open strings on a circle of length NL in the former case, yielding a configuration with lower energy states.

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Excitations of D-strings, entropy and duality

Cited by 112 publications

References 28 publications

Black holes and beyond

Black holes and beyond

The slowly rotating near extremal D1–D5 system as a ‘hot tube’

Soliton Solutions to the Einstein Equations in Five Dimensions

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