Excitation of the 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Th</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>229</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>
 nucleus via a two-photon electronic transition

Müller, R. A.; Volotka, A. V.; Surzhykov, A.

doi:10.1103/physreva.99.042517

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…and NEET were used as synonyms at that time). Later, the concept was considered in more detail in [56,234,274]. In all recent proposals, a two-step EB excitation process is considered, which is technologically easier to realize.…”

Section: Population Via Eb Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NEET process was further considered in 1994 by Karpeshin et al [159] and later discussed in [160,163,166,172]. In [234] the combination of the two processes shown in Fig. 40 is considered for 229 Th 2+ under the name "nuclear excitation by two-photon electron transition" (NETP).…”

Section: A32 Nuclear Excitation By Electron Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for EB, two-step excitation processes were also proposed for NEET (see [172,234]). The excitation rate for the two-step NEET process is Γ neet 2-step = ρ (c) exc Γ (c)…”

Section: A32 Nuclear Excitation By Electron Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The $$^{229}$$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clock

Wense

2020

Eur. Phys. J. A

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The proposal for the development of a nuclear optical clock has triggered a multitude of experimental and theoretical studies. In particular the prediction of an unprecedented systematic frequency uncertainty of about $$10^{-19}$$ 10 - 19 has rendered a nuclear clock an interesting tool for many applications, potentially even for a re-definition of the second. The focus of the corresponding research is a nuclear transition of the $$^{229}$$ 229 Th nucleus, which possesses a uniquely low nuclear excitation energy of only $$8.12\pm 0.11$$ 8.12 ± 0.11 eV ($$152.7\pm 2.1$$ 152.7 ± 2.1 nm). This energy is sufficiently low to allow for nuclear laser spectroscopy, an inherent requirement for a nuclear clock. Recently, some significant progress toward the development of a nuclear frequency standard has been made and by today there is no doubt that a nuclear clock will become reality, most likely not even in the too far future. Here we present a comprehensive review of the current status of nuclear clock development with the objective of providing a rather complete list of literature related to the topic, which could serve as a reference for future investigations.

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Section: Population Via Eb Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A32 Nuclear Excitation By Electron Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The $$^{229}$$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clock

Wense

2020

Eur. Phys. J. A

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“…Great interest in the low-lying isomeric state 3/2 + (E is < 10 eV) in the 229 Th nucleus is caused by the possibility of designing the ultra-precise nuclear clock [1,2,3,4], the nuclear laser in the optical range [5,6], and the nuclear light-emitting diode of the VUV range [7], as well as the study of a number of unusual processes: excitation and decay of 229m Th by laser radiation through the electron shell at the electron bridge [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], control of the isomeric level γ decay via the boundary conditions [16] or chemical environment [17,18], α decay of the 229m Th isomer [19] and accompanying bremsstrahlung [20], the relative effects of the variation of the fine structure constant and the strong interaction parameter [21,22,23], a check of the exponentiality of the decay law at long times [24] and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross section of the Coulomb excitation of $^{229m}$Th by low energy muons

Tkalya

2021

Preprint

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The inelastic scattering cross section for muons, µ − , with energies E=9-100 eV from the 229 Th nuclei is calculated in the framework of the second order of the perturbation theory for the quantum electrodynamics. The dominant contribution to the excitation of the low energy isomer 229m Th(3/2 + , 8.19 ± 0.12 eV) comes from the E2 multipole. The excitation cross section reaches the value of 10 −21 cm 2 in the range E ≈10 eV. This is four to five orders of magnitude larger than the electron excitation cross section and enough for efficient excitation of 229m Th on the muon beam at the next generation of muon colliders.

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“…It was proposed for laser excitation of 229m Th in Refs. [16,17] and has since then been discussed in various publica-tions [1, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Generally, the IEB process is expected to result in larger nuclear excitation rates than the direct laser excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The theory of direct laser excitation of nuclear transitions

et al. 2020

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A comprehensive theoretical study of direct laser excitation of a nuclear state based on the density matrix formalism is presented. The nuclear clock isomer 229m Th is discussed in detail, as it could allow for direct laser excitation using existing technology and provides the motivation for this work. The optical Bloch equations are derived for the simplest case of a pure nuclear two-level system and for the more complex cases taking into account the presence of magnetic sub-states, hyperfine-structure and Zeeman splitting in external fields. Nuclear level splitting for free atoms and ions as well as for nuclei in a solid-state environment is discussed individually. Based on the obtained equations, nuclear population transfer in the low-saturation limit is reviewed. Further, nuclear Rabi oscillations, power broadening and nuclear twophoton excitation are considered. Finally, the theory is applied to the special cases of 229m Th and 235m U, being the nuclear excited states of lowest known excitation energies. The paper aims to be a didactic review with many calculations given explicitly.

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Excitation of the Th229 nucleus via a two-photon electronic transition

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

The $$^{229}$$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clock

The $$^{229}$$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clock

Cross section of the Coulomb excitation of $^{229m}$Th by low energy muons

The theory of direct laser excitation of nuclear transitions

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