Excitation of photons by inflationary gravitons

Abstract

We use a recent result for the graviton contribution to the one loop vacuum polarization to solve the effective field equations for dynamical photons on de Sitter background. Our results show that the electric field experiences a secular enhancement proportional to the number of inflationary e-foldings. We discuss the minimum this establishes for primordial inflation to seed cosmic magnetic fields.

Tetraquark state candidates: Y(4260), Y(4360), Y(4660), and $$Z_c(4020/4025)$$ Z c ( 4020 / 4025 )

“…In 2007, the Belle Collaboration studied the initial-state radiation process e + e − → γ I S R π + π − ψ , and observed two structures Y (4360) and Y (4660) in the π + π − ψ invariant mass distributions at (4361±9±9) MeV with a width of (74±15±10) MeV and (4664 ± 11 ± 5) MeV with a width of (48 ± 15 ± 3) MeV, respectively [2,3]. In 2008, the Belle Collaboration studied the initial-state radiation process e + e − → γ I S R −21 MeV, respectively [4].…”

One loop corrected conformally coupled scalar mode equations during inflation

“…(27) and performing the integration gives local corrections toũ 1 at late times (η → 0 − or equivalently a → ∞),…”

“…• Step 3: Combine the ++ and +− terms to extract a factor of i and a step function θ, which makes the effective mode equation (27) manifestly real and causal,…”

“…• For quantum gravity plus electrodynamics, inflationary gravitons induce secular effects on the dynamical photons and alter the electric field of a point charge and the magnetic field of a point magnetic dipole [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Causality implies inflationary back-reaction

“…These corrections grow without bound as long as inflation lasts. Among the many interesting effects caused by these secular corrections are changes to particle kinematics [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], changes in long range forces [18,19,[33][34][35], changes in the primordial power spectra [10,36,37], and changes in the cosmic expansion rate [5,[38][39][40].…”