“…Some scholars portray people in communities that practice FGCs as cruel. For example, implying cruelty on the part of men (and sometimes women), scholars call FGCs ‘horror[s]’; ‘brut[al]’, ‘cruel’, and ‘torture’ (Accad, 1993: n.p. ; Annas, 1996: 325, 353; Koso-Thomas, 1987: 2; Lowenstein, 1978: 421; McGarrahan, 1991: 269; Simms, 1993: 1954; Slack, 1988: 466; Thiam, 1998 [1983]: 382; White, 2001: 192).…”