Excimer laser (λ = 193 nm) versus Al Kα X-ray damages on polymer surfaces: an XPS (core and valence levels) analysis of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene

Self-Assembled Supramolecular Complexes with “Rods-in-Belt” Architecture in the Light of Soft X-rays

“…Three regions can be distinguished in the spectra: (i) For BE > 12 eV, the spectral intensities change monotonically with photon energy and can be attributed to electron emission from the extended C 2s states. 37 (ii) For BEs between 6 and 12 eV, the PE intensity is notably suppressed at a photon energy of 180 eV, pointing to a considerable contribution from Au 5d states. (iii) The intensity changes in the asymmetric feature near the HOMO at BE ≈ 4 eV are in good agreement with the behavior of the Cu 3d CS curve (Figure 6a).…”

“…Figure b shows four different VB PE spectra of the Au–Cu–S system taken at photon energies from 110 to 240 eV. Three regions can be distinguished in the spectra: (i) For BE > 12 eV, the spectral intensities change monotonically with photon energy and can be attributed to electron emission from the extended C 2s states . (ii) For BEs between 6 and 12 eV, the PE intensity is notably suppressed at a photon energy of 180 eV, pointing to a considerable contribution from Au 5d states.…”

Surface analysis insight note: Accounting for X‐ray beam damage effects in positive electrode‐electrolyte interphase investigations

“…However, the effects of X‐ray beam damage are often overlooked when studying heterogeneous electrode samples consisting of SEI‐covered active material, a conductive additive, and polymer‐based binder. Several studies reported that polymer irradiation with X‐ray (mostly Al Kα X‐ray source of 1.5 KeV) is followed by heteroatom loss inducing chemical and structural modifications 22–27 . In the composite electrode, polymer binder bond breaking can result in changes in the organic/inorganic composition of SEI and active material.…”

“…Several studies reported that polymer irradiation with X-ray (mostly Al Kα X-ray source of 1.5 KeV) is followed by heteroatom loss inducing chemical and structural modifications. [22][23][24][25][26][27] In the composite electrode, polymer binder bond breaking can result in changes in the organic/inorganic composition of SEI and active material. In fact, a recent work based on synchrotron operando X-ray diffraction proposed that the matrix elements surrounding active particles might play a significant role in the beam damage mechanism.…”

UV‐laser marking of a TiO2‐containing ABS material

“…Laser irradiation can give rise to different effects in plastic materials, such as engraving, ablation, foaming, carbonization, photoreduction, bleaching, and color formation . Most of the previous studies performed on polymers were conducted using excimer laser sources . It has been reported that thermal effects and photochemical reactions coexist during ablation and, on operating with laser fluences below the material ablation threshold, the original polymer surface is modified by UV photons , which result in photolytic modification and activation .…”