“…Producers of 610 standardized goods, the demand for which is more price-sensitive, more often need to 'price-to market' and adjust output prices to exchange rate fluctuations. At the same time, producers of quality-differentiated goods are inclined to have higher markups, which gives them more scope to reduce output prices in response to nominal exchange rate appreciation (Bussi ere, delle Chaie, & Peltonen, 2014;Vigfusson, 615 Sheets, & Gagnon, 2007). Therefore, it can be argued that the low-D 6 3 price elasticity of CME exports follows from the fact that many tradable goods producers have adopted DQP strategies in the CMEs.…”