Exchange of energy between the ionosphere and the protonosphere

Geisler, J. E.; Bowhill, S. A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(65)90073-5

Cited by 87 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The energy loss at these levels through collisions with neutrals,and ions is small compared to the loss by the thermal conduction of the electrons (Geisler and Bowhill 1965). Therefore the heat supplied by the photoelectrons increases the temperature which will be eventually limited by thermal conduction.…”

Section: Temperature Profiles In the Protonospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron flux and protonospheric heating during the conjugate point sunrise

Rao¹,

Maier²

1970

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: Temperature Profiles In the Protonospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron flux and protonospheric heating during the conjugate point sunrise

Rao¹,

Maier²

1970

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Thus the heating rate is given by q [0] , where q is a constant. The nonlocal heating, which becomes significant above 300 km (Geisler and Bowhill, 1965), we assume is due to a flux of fast electrons, F.…”

Section: Theoretical Discussion Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ion composition and temperature in the topside ionosphere

Mayr¹,

Brace²,

Dunham³

1967

J. Geophys. Res.

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The particle continuity equations for H+ and O+ and the energy continuity equation are solved simultaneously by means of a computer program. The processes included are photo‐ionization, charge exchange, ambipolar diffusion along magnetic field lines, heat conduction, local and nonlocal heating, and heat loss from ions to neutrals. The ion composition and plasma temperature along various field lines are derived and studied by adopting electron concentration and temperature measurements from Explorer 22 (1000‐km altitude, 1965 vernal equinox) as boundary conditions. The O+ — H+ transition region at middle and low latitudes is fully described. It is found that a neutral hydrogen concentration of 2 × 105/cm³ at 500 km is required to make the calculated electron concentration consistent with satellite measurements of electron concentration at 650 km. A latitudinal variation of the ion composition arises primarily because of the latitudinal variation of the electron temperature. The temperature gradient along field lines is found to be a function of latitude. The temperature decreases along the equatorial field line that passes through the equator at 1000 km, and it increases along midlatitude field lines. This is consistent with the equatorial trough of the electron temperature evident in Explorer 22 data and thus explains to some degree the latitudinal variation of the ion composition.

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“…This has first been pointed out by Geisler and Bowhill (1965). Since this heating mechanism depends on the electron density distribution in a rather complicated way -even with the crude assumptions that are made in this model -a truly simultarcous solution for the mass, momentum and energy equations seems impractical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%