Exchange of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ and uptake of H+, NH4+ for the subtropical forest canopies influenced by acid rain in Shaoshan forest located in Central South China

Throughfall nutrients in a degraded indigenous Fagus orientalis forest and a Picea abies plantation in the of North of Iran

“…Tree foliage absorbs some solutes from rainfall, thus reducing concentrations in the TF-NO 3 -is a common example (Van Stan et al, 2012). Conversely, concentrations of other solutes in the TF increases as they are washed off from leaves-Na + is typically observed as behaving this way (Li et al, 1994;Prakasa Rao et al, 1995;Chiwa et al, 2004;Zeng et al, 2005). Ecological factors, like this canopy exchange with TF, should be taken into account for choosing an appropriate species in reforestation projects.…”

Seasonal dry deposition and canopy leaching of base cations in a subtropical evergreen mixed forest, China

“…Although there are some uncertainties in using the Na-ratio method, it is a useful method to estimate the dry deposition and the canopy leaching of base cations in forests (Draaijers and Erisman 1995, Lin et al 2000, Zeng et al 2005). The contribution of dry deposition to NTF in the dormant seasons was higher than in the growing seasons, because the length of dry period in the dormant seasons was long relative to that in the growing periods.…”

“…During the past two decades throughfall analyses used to estimate dry deposition and canopy exchanges and total atmospheric deposition in the forest ecosystems have been attached great concerns , Lindberg et al 1990, Hamburg and Lin 1998, Fan et al 1999, Zeng et al 2005. These studies have increased our understanding of the factors affecting throughfall chemistry and flux, including nutrient input via wet deposition (Feng et al 2001), evaporation of water by canopies (Zhang et al 2006a), wash-off of the dry substances atmospherically deposited on leaf surface ) and uptake and absorption of the nutrients from rainwater (Butler and Likens 1995, Fan et al 1999, Campo et al 2000, Zhang et al 2006b).…”

“…Numerous methods have been used to measure or calculate dry deposition on forest canopies, with multiple regression models , Lovett et al 1996, Fan and Hong 2001 and the Na-ratio approach, which is the most widely used (Bredemeier 1988). Both have been successfully applied to a variety of forests in the temperate region (Johannes et al 1986, Draaijers andErisman 1995), but few of the methods have been used in subtropical or tropical forests (Lin et al 2000, Fan and Hong 2001, Zeng et al 2005.…”

“…Although base cations leaching from canopies are well documented for temperate forests (Turner and Van Broekhuizen 1992, Cappellato et al 1993, Draaijers et al 1994, Erisman et al 2002, little is known about it in subtropical forests (Lin et al 2000, Fan and Hong 2001, Zeng et al 2005. Lin et al (2001) reported that base cations in subtropical forests were more vulnerable to be leached than in temperate forests because of low base saturation in soil, high humidity and relatively short dry period between rain events.…”