Exchange and Intimacy in the Inner City

Ray, Ranita

doi:10.1177/0891241614568191

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sandra's distrust of her potential friends is consistent with other researchers' reports of distrust among social intimates in disadvantaged communities (Smith 2007;Ray 2016).…”

Section: Protection Seeking: "Got My Back"supporting

confidence: 79%

Making Friends in Violent Neighborhoods: Strategies among Elementary School Children

Tack¹,

Small²

2017

SocScience

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While many studies have examined friendship formation among children in conventional contexts, comparatively fewer have examined how the process is shaped by neighborhood violence. The literature on violence and gangs has identified coping strategies that likely affect friendships, but most children in violent neighborhoods are not gang members, and not all friendship relations involve gangs. We examine the friendship-formation process based on in-depth interviews with 72 students, parents, and teachers in two elementary schools in violent Chicago neighborhoods. All students were African American boys and girls ages 11 to 15. We find that while conventional studies depict friendship formation among children as largely affective in nature, the process among the students we observed was, instead, primarily strategic. The children's strategies were not singular but heterogeneous and malleable in nature. We identify and document five distinct strategies: protection seeking, avoidance, testing, cultivating questioners, and kin reliance. Girls were as affected as boys were, and they also reported additional preoccupations associated with sexual violence. We discuss implications for theories of friendship formation, violence, and neighborhood effects.

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“…Sandra's distrust of her potential friends is consistent with other researchers' reports of distrust among social intimates in disadvantaged communities (Smith 2007;Ray 2016).…”

Section: Protection Seeking: "Got My Back"supporting

confidence: 79%

Making Friends in Violent Neighborhoods: Strategies among Elementary School Children

Tack¹,

Small²

2017

SocScience

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“…In Natalie, Neta, and Cicely's life stories, close social bonds were subject to limitations similar to those cited elsewhere in the literature on underresourced networks, including exhaustion of bonds due to demands that are too frequent or too great (conditions that become more likely when drug abuse, violence, homelessness, and repeated incarcerations are prevalent; A. Goffman, 2014;Harknett & Hartnett, 2011) and resultant feelings of guilt, resentment, and social isolation (Offer, 2012;Ray, 2015). Only Jennifer presented a divergent case.…”

Section: Managing Social Relationships For Support In a Context Of Trmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strategizing and Fatalizing: Self and Other in the Trauma Narratives of Justice-Involved Women

Emerson

2018

Qual Health Res

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Jail admissions in the United States number nearly 1 million women annually. Many have limited access to public support and must seek assistance from family, friends, and strangers to maintain health and safety after release. This study sought to learn more about how women with a history of interpersonal trauma and criminal justice involvement perceive and manage social relationships. In-depth, story-eliciting interviews were conducted over 12 months with 10 participants who were selected from the convenience sample of an ongoing parent study in a Midwestern urban jail. Embedded trauma narratives were analyzed for self-presentation, form, and theme. The trauma narratives registered a continuum of agency, anchored at either end by patterns of strategizing talk and fatalizing talk. Providers and advocates can improve support for justice-involved women post incarceration by becoming familiar with and responding to patterns of strategizing and fatalizing in their personal narratives.

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“…Nonresident nuclear kin in our analysis was inclusive of biological parent/child, adoptive parent/child, current step‐parent/child, full‐ and half‐ sibling, and current step‐sibling relationships. The choice to categorize siblings as nuclear rather than extended kin was motivated by studies documenting differential mortality by race, education, and age that results in a lack of access to parents (Daw et al, 2016) and therefore closer sibling bonds (Ray, 2016) among some social groups. Extended kin in our analysis were those that shared the same 1968 Family Identification number and were nonresident but who did not meet our criteria of nuclear family.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping kin close? Geographies of family networks by race and income, 1981–2017

Spring

Ackert

Roche

et al. 2023

J of Marriage and Family

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Objective This study examined changes in geographic proximity to family members among race and income groups in the United States from 1981 to 2017. Background Close geographic proximity to family members can facilitate mutual support and strengthen family bonds. Some scholars argue that institutional sources of support have replaced many core family functions, which might mean that households are likely to live increasingly farther away from family. Advancing technology and changing labor market opportunities might reinforce this pattern. Yet, the ongoing cultural and emotional salience of family might curtail the effects of these factors on the increasing distance to family. Method We conducted a quantitative analysis of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We utilized the multigenerational structure of the PSID and restricted‐use geocodes to map kin proximity at every interview from 1981 to 2017. We cross‐classified our sample by race and income, focusing on Black and White respondents across income quartiles (n = 171,501 person‐periods). Results High‐income White respondents showed the greatest increases in distance from kin over time, whereas proximity to kin among other race‐income groups was relatively stable. Conclusion Proximate kin has become less central in the lives of high‐income White households over time, whereas close proximity to kin has been the norm over time for other racial and income groups. These results have implications for racial and income differences in kin relations over time.

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Exchange and Intimacy in the Inner City

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Making Friends in Violent Neighborhoods: Strategies among Elementary School Children

Making Friends in Violent Neighborhoods: Strategies among Elementary School Children

Strategizing and Fatalizing: Self and Other in the Trauma Narratives of Justice-Involved Women

Keeping kin close? Geographies of family networks by race and income, 1981–2017

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