Excessive suicide mortality and risk factors for suicide among patients with heroin dependence

Pan, Chun‐Hung; Jhong, Jia Rong; Tsai, Shang Ying; Lin, Shih Ku; Chen, Chiao Chicy; Kuo, Chian Jue

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.021

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, to being a potential independent risk factor for suicide (Bertolote et al, 2003;Pompili et al, 2009), the co-occurrence of substance use disorders with other mental health difficulties has been associated with a substantially increased risk of suicide (Dumais et al, 2005;Sher, Grekin, & Williams, 2005). Both cannabis (Price, Hemmingsson, Lewis, Zammit, & Allebeck, 2009) and in particular heroin use (Pan et al, 2014) have been associated with increased rates of suicide, although the association between substance use and suicide is complicated by multiple demographic and clinical confounding factors. In this study, nine (20%) individuals had a history of a psychoactive substance use disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological autopsy review on mental health crises and suicide among youth in Pakistan

Abdullah

Khalily

Ahmad

et al. 2018

Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

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Introduction Ascertaining putative sociodemographic and clinical causes for death by probable suicide can potentially help implement region‐specific strategies to reduce suicide rates. In this study, we wanted to investigate methods utilized and the psychosocial and mental health characteristics of youths (aged 12‐26 y) who died by probable suicide. Method We examined data from mental health clinical files and forensic reports and performed qualitative psychological autopsy interview from more than multiple sources for each youth who died by probable suicide between 1 May and 31 December 2015 in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Results The two most common methods of probable suicide were by firearm use and self‐poisoning utilizing pesticides that were significantly associated with male and female gender, respectively. The most common mental health difficulties were major depressive disorder and harmful use of psychoactive substances. Other clinical features particularly evident included thoughts of self‐harm, irritability and aggression, low self‐esteem, treatment nonadherence, family dispute, and financial distress. Conclusion Efforts to reduce the ease of access to firearms and pesticides may potentially have a beneficial effect in reducing the suicide rate in this region of Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological autopsy review on mental health crises and suicide among youth in Pakistan

Abdullah

Khalily

Ahmad

et al. 2018

Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

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“…Depression as a risk factor for suicide has particular salience for opioid users (Darke & Ross, 2002; Pan et al, 2014). It is well known that the rates of mental disorder are high among patients with opioid use disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of death and expected years of life lost among treated opioid-dependent individuals in the United States and Taiwan

Chang

Wang

Saxon

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Aims This study compared the cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and expected years of life lost (EYLL) among opioid-dependent individuals in the United States and Taiwan. Methods Survival data came from two cohorts followed until 2014: The U.S. data were based on a randomized trial of 1,267 opioid-dependent participants enrolled between 2006 and 2009; the Taiwan data were from a study of 983 individuals that began in 2006, when opioid agonist treatment (OAT) was implemented in Taiwan. SMRs were calculated for each national cohort and compared. Kaplan-Meier estimation was performed on the survival data, then lifespans were extrapolated to 70 years (840 months) to estimate life expectancy using a semi-parametric method. EYLLs for both cohorts were estimated by subtracting their life expectancies from the age- and gender-matched referents within the general population of their respective country. Results Compared with age- and gender- matched referents, the SMRs were 3.2 for the U.S. sample and 7.8 for the Taiwan sample; the EYLLs were 7.7 and 16.4 years, respectively. Half of decedents died of unnatural causes in both cohorts; overdose deaths predominated in the U.S. and suicide in Taiwan. Conclusions Our study identified differences by country in EYLL and causes of deaths. These findings suggest that intervention strategies to reduce mortality risk by overdose (particularly in the U.S.) and suicide (particularly in Taiwan) are urgently needed in these countries.

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“…The background of the TCPC has been described in detail previously (Chen et al., ). A series of long‐term mortality studies of the TCPC cohort were conducted among inpatients with different diagnoses, including heroin (Pan et al., ) and methamphetamine dependence (Kuo et al., ), schizophrenia (Kuo et al., ), and bipolar disorder (Tsai et al., ). For this study, all adult patients admitted to the TCPC who underwent a 14‐ to 28‐day alcohol detoxification and abstinence programs from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2008, were included in this retrospective cohort study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, although it is unlikely in typical studies, the same subject may appear in the control group 2 or more times (Greenland, ). We used this methodology to select controls in previous studies (Kuo et al., , ; Pan et al., ). Controls sampled in this manner are matched to the case subject with respect to the sampling time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on risk set sampling, 2 or fewer controls were randomly selected for each case participant, matched for age (±5 years), gender, and year of the index admission. We used this criterion to select controls in previous studies (Kuo et al., ; Pan et al., ). Through this process, 63 cases were successfully matched with 119 controls; controls were unavailable for 4 cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Nested Case–Control Study

Tsai

Huang

et al. 2015

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Excessive suicide mortality and risk factors for suicide among patients with heroin dependence

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Psychological autopsy review on mental health crises and suicide among youth in Pakistan

Psychological autopsy review on mental health crises and suicide among youth in Pakistan

Causes of death and expected years of life lost among treated opioid-dependent individuals in the United States and Taiwan

Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Nested Case–Control Study

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