Excessive nitrogen impairs hydraulics, limits photosynthesis, and alters the metabolic composition of almond trees

Sperling, Or; Karunakaran, Ranjith; Erel, Ran; Yasuor, Hagai; Klipcan, Liron; Yermiyahu, Uri

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.030

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This issue should be studied separately. N leaf content was not changed significantly in treatments higher than 20 to 40 mg N L −1 , and we assume that this is the known insensitivity of this analysis method to excessive N conditions [14,42], which could be explained by transportation of excessive N to the tree's roots (18). It seems that diagnostic leaf analysis cannot be a single method to rely on when high N is suspected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…High N concentration was not only unnecessary but also detrimental to tree development, as displayed in the performance of trees receiving 200 mg N L −1 . This impairment could be due to photosynthesis insufficiencies, as found in almonds [18]. In our experiment, the density of the trees was of 625 per hectare, but commercial orchards are of diverse densities, for example, in Israel 333 to 417 trees per hectare [23,49], in Egypt 400 [50], in Spain 500 [51], in California 567 [29], and in Afghanistan 285 to 666 trees per hectare [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This perception has been refuted in several species, among them olive [14,15], citrus [16] and apple [17], all showing optimum production response functions, whereas excess N lead to reduced quantity and quality of yields. A recent study in almonds revealed that excessive N interferes with photosynthesis [18]. An accurate means to prevent excessive N fertilization in horticultural systems are, therefore, needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

et al. 2020

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Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

et al. 2020

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“…Many changes under excessive nitrogen application may also occur in photosynthesis electron transport rate (J f ) or actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Φ PS II). In addition, several recent papers also reported that high N conditions reduced evapotranspiration, which resulted in constraining N uptake in almond trees [18][19][20] , and this seemed related to the slight decrease in g sc and leaf N content under high nitrogen condition. Hence, it has not been determined how g m and g sc responded to excessive nitrogen additions (≥69 kg N ha −1 a −1 ).…”

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confidence: 97%

Effects of nitrogen additions on mesophyll and stomatal conductance in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The response of plant CO 2 diffusion conductances (mesophyll and stomatal conductances, g m and g sc) to soil drought has been widely studied, but few studies have investigated the effects of soil nitrogen addition levels on g m and g sc. In this study, we investigated the responses of g m and g sc of Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak to four soil nitrogen addition levels (control, low nitrogen, medium nitrogen and high nitrogen) and the changes in leaf anatomy and associated enzyme activities (aquaporin (AQP) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)). Both g m and g sc increased with the soil nitrogen addition levels for both species, but then decreased under the high nitrogen addition level, which primarily resulted from the enlargements in leaf and mesophyll cell thicknesses, mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular space per unit leaf area and stomatal opening status with soil nitrogen addition. Additionally, the improvements in leaf N content and AQP and CA activities also significantly promoted g m and g sc increases. The addition of moderate levels of soil nitrogen had notably positive effects on CO 2 diffusion conductance in leaf anatomy and physiology in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak, but these positive effects were weakened with the addition of high levels of soil nitrogen.

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“…However, over-fertilization not only inhibits the improvement of crop yield and quality, it also results in serious issues, such as hardening and acidification of the soil, aggravation of crop pests, leaching loss of soil nutrients, and threats to groundwater safety. These issues exert a serious impact on agricultural sustainability and the ecological environment [6][7][8]. In recent years, integrated techniques of water and fertilizer application have been widely developed and popularized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different fertilization rates on growth, yield, quality and partial factor productivity of tomato under non-pressure gravity irrigation

Xiao

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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To select the optimum fertilizer application under specific irrigation levels and to provide a reliable fertigation system for tomato plants, an experiment was conducted by using a microporous membrane for water-fertilizer integration under non-pressure gravity. A compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O, 18:7:20) was adopted for topdressing at four levels, 1290 kg/ha, 1140 kg/ha, 990 kg/ha, and 840 kg/ha, and the locally recommended level of 1875 kg/ha was used as the control to explore the effects of different fertilizer application rates on growth, nutrient distribution, quality, yield, and partial factor of productivity (PFP) in tomato. The new regime of microporous membrane water-fertilizer integration under non-pressure gravity irrigation reduced the fertilizer application rate while promoting plant growth in the early and intermediate stages. Except for the 990 kg/ha fertilizer treatment, yields per plant and per plot for each fertilizer application rate were higher than or equal to those of the control. The new regime could effectively improve PFP and reduce soil nutrient enrichment. Fertilizer at 840 kg/ha showed the optimum results by increasing PFP by 75.72% as compared to control. In conclusion, the fertilizer rate at 840 kg/ha has not only maintained the productivity of soil but also tomato growth and quality of fruit which makes the non-pressure gravity irrigation a potential and cost-effective way for fertilizer application.

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Excessive nitrogen impairs hydraulics, limits photosynthesis, and alters the metabolic composition of almond trees

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Effects of nitrogen additions on mesophyll and stomatal conductance in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak

Effects of different fertilization rates on growth, yield, quality and partial factor productivity of tomato under non-pressure gravity irrigation

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