Excess risk of Covid-19 infection and mental distress in healthcare workers during successive pandemic waves. Analysis of matched cohorts of healthcare workers and community referents in Alberta, Canada

Abstract

ObjectivesTo investigate changes in risk of infection and mental distress in healthcare workers (HCWs) relative to the community as the Covid-19 pandemic progressed.MethodsHCWs in Alberta, Canada, recruited to an interprovincial cohort, were asked consent to link to Alberta’s administrative health database (AHDB) and to information on Covid-19 immunization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Those consenting were matched to records of up to 5 community referents (CRs). Physician diagnoses of Covid-19 were identified in the AHDB from the start of the pandemic to 31 March 2022. Physician consultations for mental health (MH) conditions (anxiety, stress/adjustment reaction, depressive) were identified from 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2022. Relative risk for HCWs was estimated for each condition, overall and for successive infection waves.Results80% (3050/3812) of HCWs consented to be linked to the AHDB: 97% (2959/3050) were matched to 14546 CRs. HCWs were at greater risk of Covid-19 overall, with first infection defined either from PCR tests or physician records They were also at increased risk for each of the three MH diagnoses. In analyses adjusted for confounding, risk of Covid-19 infection was higher than CRs early in the pandemic and during the fifth (Omicron) wave. The excess risk of stress/adjustment reactions and depressive conditions increased with successive waves during the epidemic, peaking in the 4thwave.ConclusionAdministrative health data, although not a complete reflection of infection or MH, contributed to an understanding of changing risk over time, with excess risk continuing late in the pandemic