Excess deaths associated with obesity: cause and effect

Flegal, Katherine M.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803313

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results are surprising and “paradoxical,” because there is an extensive body of literature that obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes in the general population (5,6) as well as among diabetic patients (7). Furthermore, we recently showed a significant J‐shaped association between BMI and foot ulceration with class III obese being twice more likely to develop foot ulceration during a 5‐year follow‐up than overweight individuals (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Obesity Paradox in Amputation Risk Among Nonelderly Diabetic Men

Sohn

Budiman‐Mak

et al. 2012

Obesity

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The association between BMI and amputation risk is not currently well known. We used data for a cohort of diabetic patients treated in the US Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in 2003. Men aged <65 years at the end of follow-up were examined for their amputation risk and amputation-free survival during the next 5 years (2004–2008). Compared to overweight individuals (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), the risks of amputation and treatment failure (amputation or death) were higher for patients with BMI <25 kg/m2 and were lower for those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Individuals with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 were only half as likely to experience any (hazard ratios (HR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–0.80) and major amputations (HR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39–0.73) during follow-up as overweight individuals. While the amputation risk continued to decrease for higher BMI, amputation-free survival showed a slight upturn at BMI >40 kg/m2. The association between obesity and amputation risk in our data shows a pattern consistent with “obesity paradox” observed in many health conditions. More research is needed to better understand pathophysiological mechanisms that may explain the paradoxical association between obesity and lower-extremity amputation (LEA) risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Obesity Paradox in Amputation Risk Among Nonelderly Diabetic Men

Sohn

Budiman‐Mak

et al. 2012

Obesity

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“…For example, the pursuit of an obesigenic genetic profile (a genetic explanation of why some people get fat and others don't) is linked to an assumption that fatness is an indicator of poor health, which in turn is based on a longheld belief that the appearance of the individual provides a portal to the inner self, a glimpse of the hidden workings of the body, a kind of aesthetic of health 18 . This belief, inadequately examined, leads to a focus on obesity rather than on its causes, and is not upheld by many epidemiological studies 19,20 . It has been referred to as a moral panic by Campos et al 21 .…”

Section: Believing Is Seeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis: a critical social reflection in the genomic era

Jutel

2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Diagnosis is a pivotal tool for the work of medicine as they categorise and classify individual ailments via a generalised schema. However diagnosis is also a profoundly social act, which reflects society, its values and how it makes sense of illness and disease. Considering diagnosis critically, as well as practically, is an important job of the sociologist. This paper reviews how a social model can provide a critical tool for viewing diagnosis in the genomic era. It explores how the formulation of diagnosis, be it via genetic explanations or microbiological ones, are the product of social discovery, negotiation, and consensus.

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“…Yet, a cause and effect connection between obesity per se and these disorders remains unproven. It remains entirely possible that high BMI is a surrogate measure for physical inactivity and/or a nutrient poor diet 16 . Alternatively, obesity may be directly detrimental to health and survival, but pharmacologic interventions including statins, antiplatelet and renin‐angiotensin system inhibition, and other medical advancements such as tumor surveillance are masking its full effects.…”

Section: Obesity and Premature Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%