Excess Commuting: A Critical Review

Ma, Kang‐Rae; Banister, David

doi:10.1080/01441640600782609

Cited by 145 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…commuting longer or further than the actual spatial layout of a city suggests (Horner, 2002). Of the two main approaches to calculate excess commuting, optimization models after White (1988) are the most prevelant (Ma and Banister, 2006). This literature uses mathematical programming to calculate benchmark minimum and maximum commutes for a given spatial layout which can then be compared to existing commuting patterns.…”

Section: Modelling Urban Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating minimum energy urban layouts with mathematical programming and Monte Carlo analysis techniques

Keirstead

Shah

2011

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

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Cities consume significant amounts of energy and improving their efficiency is an integral part of tackling global climate change. As existing urban layouts can be difficult to change, new developments offer significant opportunities for demonstrating low energy urban forms. However the limits of these improvements are not well known and so this paper presents an optimization tool for designing minimum energy urban layouts, considering both the transport and building sectors. Our work builds upon the excess commuting and sketch modelling literatures, with a greater focus on energy consumption as a specific objective and improved model performance.After validating the model with the case of a UK eco-town, Monte Carlo analysis is used to assess how the minimum energy benchmark varies in response to planning constraints on high-density housing and car ownership.The methodology presented here therefore offers a new tool for calculating absolute minimum urban energy benchmarks, which can be used early in the planning process to complement more behaviourally-realistic land-use transportation models.

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Section: Modelling Urban Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculating minimum energy urban layouts with mathematical programming and Monte Carlo analysis techniques

Keirstead

Shah

2011

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

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“…This is due to the fact that existing transportation systems contribute to global environmental problems, consume massive amounts of non-renewable resources, result in excessive numbers of fatalities and injuries, deteriorate local air quality and increase congestion. Current land uses are also unsustainable because they contribute to urban sprawl and the imbalances between jobs and housing, as well as long commutes that are considered wasteful (Ma and Banister, 2006). In light of these problems, emphasis has been placed on addressing the issue of urban sustainability in recent years.…”

Section: Assessing Urban Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the transportation problem has been used in excess commuting studies to calculate the optimal (minimum) distribution of trips for all origin-destination pairs in the city, such that the average journey-to-work trip length is minimized and the demand (represented by the distribution of jobs at the different destination zones) is met (White, 1988;Ma and Banister, 2006). The idea here is to move people closer to their places of work so that the overall commute is minimized.…”

Section: Sustainable Indices Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general idea here is that higher values of VKT and VMT will be associated with higher levels of commuting distance and time, and this can have negative impacts on society due to wasteful commuting (Ma and Banister, 2006). The final social indicator is based on measuring the overall level of congestion to depict the ease of mobility in the city.…”

Section: The Sustain Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

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A tool for evaluating urban sustainability via integrated transportation and land use simulation models

Maoh

Kanaroglou

2009

eue

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Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998.Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : info@erudit.org MOTS-CLES Durabilité, indicateurs, simulation, aménagement de l'espace, transport ABSTRACTThis paper is focused on developing a simulation tool that will be used to assess urban sustainability and inform the future of urban planning. The tool is developed as an add-on module in an operational integrated transportation and land use model (ITLUM) calibrated for two Canadian cities: Hamilton, Ontario and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Progress towards sustainability is gauged based on indicators that will minimize negative environmental and social impacts while maximizing economic benefits. To this end, the methods to model the sustainability indicators are highlighted and described. A simulation example is provided to demonstrate the operability of the devised tool.

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“…Therefore, the situation could be greatly improved by further diversifying the land functions, improving the jobs-housing balance and densifying public transport routes and networks. These indices were developed mainly as descriptive tools to compare urban areas in terms of commuting efficiency (Frost et al (1998) [36]; Horner (2002) [32]; Ma and Banister (2006) [37]), give evidence that how urban form and commuting behavior in a city are changing over time or where an urban area stands with respect to other cities.…”

Section: Excess Commutingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Megacity Jobs-Housing Spatial Mismatch on Commuting Behaviors: A Case Study on Central Districts of Shanghai, China

Zhou

Chen

Zhang³

2016

Sustainability

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This study utilized the mobile signaling data to conduct the impact analysis of jobs-housing spatial mismatch on commuting behavior, with eight typical employment centers of three categories selected as the research subjects. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and indictors including commuting distance, accessibilities from cumulative opportunity model etc., this study demonstrates that (a) cumulative percentage of short commuting distance (e.g., less than 3 km) reflects the jobs-housing spatial match between employment centers and their peripheral areas; and (b) combining the indicators of employed population and area covered within a certain space-time range among indictors of accessibility, it is possible to identify the degree of jobs-housing balance and efficiency of the transport system. According to the evaluation radar maps, the authors believe that employment centers could be divided into three categories: those with a gathering power, those with improvable functions, and those with local adjustment potentials. Possible measures including controlling the gathering power of the city centers, improving the function mix and transport facilities, and optimizing the overall local environment, etc. could be made to achieve jobs-housing balance in central districts and their peripheral areas as a whole. Besides, the study, proceeding from the perspective of commuters, suggests that optimization of jobs-housing distribution along banded corridors would be more efficient than those within the traditional region so as to reduce commuting traffic load.

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Excess Commuting: A Critical Review

Cited by 145 publications

References 38 publications

Calculating minimum energy urban layouts with mathematical programming and Monte Carlo analysis techniques

Calculating minimum energy urban layouts with mathematical programming and Monte Carlo analysis techniques

A tool for evaluating urban sustainability via integrated transportation and land use simulation models

Impact of Megacity Jobs-Housing Spatial Mismatch on Commuting Behaviors: A Case Study on Central Districts of Shanghai, China

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