Excess benign melanocytic naevi after chemotherapy for malignancy in childhood.

Hughes, B.R.; Cunliffe, W.J.; Bailey, C. M.

doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6691.88

Cited by 85 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Such a mechanism was proposed on the basis of histopathologic evidence of a precursor nevus in all 10 evaluable primary tumors from an international case series of melanomas arising in transplant recipients (4), a finding that has not been replicated in two recent, small case series (34,35). This observation and hypothesis is supported by case reports of eruptive melanocytic nevi shortly after the onset of immunosuppression, whether it be iatrogenic (7,36,37), HIV-related (8,38), or chemotherapy-related (6,9,39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…5), indicating an association between melanoma risk and immune deficiency. Further support for a role of immune suppression comes from the observation of an excess of the precursor lesion, acquired melanocytic nevi, in immune-suppressed populations, including pediatric and adult transplant recipients (6,7), individuals with HIV/AIDS (8), and chemotherapy recipients (9). However, because individual population-based studies have identified only small numbers of melanomas in these immune-deficient populations, there is uncertainty about the immune-related factors responsible for this association (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Melanoma Is Related to Immune Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Vajdic

Leeuwen

Webster

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Melanoma incidence is increased after organ transplantation, but there is uncertainty as to why this occurs. Diagnoses of invasive melanoma were ascertained in 8,152 kidney transplant recipients by linking national Australian population-based registers, the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, and the Australian National Cancer Statistics Clearing House. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and standardized incidence ratios were used to compare melanoma risk during periods of transplant function and failure. Standardized incidence ratios were also computed by time since transplantation. Risk factors were examined using multivariate Poisson regression. Linkage identified 82 melanomas (134/100,000 person-years). Incidence was lower after resumption of dialysis and reduction of immune suppression than during transplant function [IRR, 0.09; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.01-0.66]. During first transplant function, melanoma (n = 74) relative risk peaked in the second year and declined linearly thereafter (P trend = 0.03). During first transplant function, risk was positively associated with increasing year of age (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07) and receipt of lymphocyte-depleting antibody (IRR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05-2.84). Female sex (IRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.94), non-Caucasian race (IRR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-1.05), and increasing time since transplantation (P trend = 0.06) were inversely associated with risk. The incidence pattern and risk factor profile for melanoma after transplantation strongly suggest that the current receipt, intensity, and possibly the recency of iatrogenic immunosuppression increase melanoma risk. Melanoma risk was also associated with proxy indicators of high personal sun exposure and sensitivity. These findings show the marked influence of immunologic control over melanoma incidence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2297-303)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Melanoma Is Related to Immune Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Vajdic

Leeuwen

Webster

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…10 There have also been reports of eruptive nevi arising in patients with immunosuppression from human immunodeficiency virus infection, 11,12 neoplastic disease, 13,14 organ transplantation, 15,16 Crohn disease, [17][18][19] or chemotherapy. 20 Eruptive MN have been described less frequently in association with Addison disease 21 and psoralen-UV-A phototherapy. 22 More recently, 19 eruptive MN have been described in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine, biological agents (infliximab, etanercept, and alefacept), or combinations of these drugs.…”

Section: Arch Dermatol 2007;143(12):1555-1557mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Follow-up of a Patient With Eruptive Melanocytic Nevi After Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Gelfer¹,

Rivers²

2007

Arch Dermatol

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“…Immune dysregulation during prior chemotherapy and HCT may underlie the increased risk of this immunogenic neoplasm, a hypothesis that is supported by excess acquired melanocytic naevi in immune suppressed patients including chemotherapy recipients. 29,30 Shared risk factors between melanoma and the primary cancers may also have a role, but do not readily explain the trend over time since HCT.…”

Section: Second Cancers After Autologous Hct Ia Bilmon Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Second cancer risk in adults receiving autologous haematopoietic SCT for cancer: a population-based cohort study

Marsney

Daniels

Ashton

et al. 2014

Bone Marrow Transplant

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, CM Vajdic 5 and CAST study group 6 Population-based evidence on second cancer risk following autologous haematopoietic SCT (HCT) is lacking. We quantified second cancer risk for a national, population-based cohort of adult Australians receiving autologous HCT for cancer and notified to the Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry 1992Registry -2007. Cancer diagnoses and deaths were ascertained by linkage with the Australian Cancer Database and National Death Index. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated and Cox regression models were used to estimate within-cohort risk factors treating death as a competing risk. During a median 2.5 years follow-up, second cancer risk was modestly increased compared with the general population (SIR 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2-1.6); significantly elevated risk was also observed for AML/myelodysplastic syndrome (SIR ¼ 20.6), melanoma (SIR ¼ 2.6) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR ¼ 3.3). Recipients at elevated risk of any second cancer included males, and those transplanted at a younger age, in an earlier HCT era, or for lymphoma or testicular cancer. Male sex, older age (445 years) and history of relapse after HCT predicted melanoma risk. Transplantation for Hodgkin lymphoma and older age were associated with lung cancer risk. Second malignancies are an important late effect and these results inform and emphasize the need for cancer surveillance in autologous HCT survivors.Bone Marrow Transplantation (2014) 49, 691-698; doi:10.1038/bmt.2014.13; published online 17 February 2014Keywords: autologous transplantation; outcomes; risk; surveillance INTRODUCTION Autologous haematopoietic SCT (HCT) is increasingly being used in Australia and elsewhere as a therapy for several haematopoietic and solid organ malignancies. 1,2 Life expectancy following HCT has also improved, 3 increasing the number of HCT survivors globally. Characterizing late effects and identifying those at risk will maximize the long-term health of HCT recipients.Second cancers are a recognized late effect of chemo-radiation therapy in general, and in the HCT setting specifically. 4-11 The cumulative incidence of second cancer after autologous HCT may be as high as 29% after 15 years, 11 with the greatest excess risk observed for AML and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). 10,[12][13][14][15] Most prior studies have examined second cancer risk in recipients of allogeneic and autologous HCT, with the largest based on international transplant registry cohorts. 9 Furthermore, most studies ascertained second cancers from hospital records or by self-report, potentially under-estimating risk. There are no population-based estimates of the risk of secondary cancer in adult recipients of autologous HCT. We examined the incidence and risk factors for second cancer in a national, population-based cohort of 7765 adult Australian autologous HCT recipients, 1992HCT recipients, -2007

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Excess benign melanocytic naevi after chemotherapy for malignancy in childhood.

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

Cutaneous Melanoma Is Related to Immune Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Cutaneous Melanoma Is Related to Immune Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Long-term Follow-up of a Patient With Eruptive Melanocytic Nevi After Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Second cancer risk in adults receiving autologous haematopoietic SCT for cancer: a population-based cohort study

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