Excercise ventilation during the growth spurt period: Comparison between two European countries

Abstract

The paper provides reference values with regard to pulmonary ventilation responses o progressively increasing bicycling up to the maximal level during the period of growth spurt. Data are based on longitudinal studies or rural Norwegian and German school children. A cluster sampling technique was used, starting with the total pupil-population at Lom in Norway at an age of 8 years, and annual tests were performed until the age of 15 years. In germany a similar pupil-population was tested from age 12 until age 17 years. Functional growth curves giving means and dispersions for ventilation rates, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent and respiratory gas exchange ratio are constructed. Norwegian and German children's developmental processes with regard to the exercise ventilation variables were compared, and revealed no significant differences.

Changes in maximal exercise ventilation and breathing pattern in boys during growth: a mixed cross‐sectional longitudinal study

“…This agrees with the results obtained in healthy adults (Hey et al 1966) and showed that, during maximal exercise, the contribution of V T to the increase in V E is similar in adults and children during growth and does not change during growth. This result could be explained by the fact that the peak VC velocity coincides also with that of peak height velocity and that V T max is linearly related to lung volume (Rutenfranz et al 1981b, Jones et al 1985, Gallagher et al 1987, as re¯ected by the constant value of the V T max /VC ratio with age. The increases were more regular during growth.…”

Statistical Distributions of Daily Breathing Rates for Narrow Age Groups of Infants and Children

“…EPA, 2005). It was hypothesized that there may be a difference in daily breathing rates between adolescent boys and girls based on differences in their minute breathing rates (Astrand, 1952; Rutenfranz et al ., 1981b). Therefore, daily breathing rates were derived for each gender of the age group 9–18 years.…”

“…Separate preadolescent (4–8 years) and adolescent (9–18 years) VQ values were calculated because the literature suggests a difference in VQ values between preadolescent and adolescent children (Rowland & Green, 1988; Rowland & Cunningham, 1997). Separate VQ values were derived for adolescent boys and girls because they have different minute breathing rates (Astrand, 1952; Rutenfranz et al ., 1981b), which may contribute to differences in VQ. Because VQ data for children 1–3 years of age were not identified, the VQ value calculated for children 4–8 years of age (Table I) was used to derive the breathing rates for the one‐, two‐, and three‐year‐old age groups in this article.…”

“…The resultant daily breathing rates were grouped into three-month age groups for infants, one-year age groups for children 1-18 years of age, and the age groups recommended by U.S. EPA to receive greater weighting for mutagenic carcinogens (0 < 2 and 2 < 16 years) (U.S. EPA, 2005). It was hypothesized that there may be a difference in daily breathing rates between adolescent boys and girls based on differences in their minute breathing rates (Astrand, 1952;Rutenfranz et al, 1981b). Therefore, daily breathing rates were derived for each gender of the age group 9-18 years.…”

Comportamento das variáveis cardiovasculares, ventilatórias e metabólicas durante o exercício: diferenças entre crianças e adultos

“…These data are reflected by higher values of VE/VO 2 for the same metabolic demand, compared to their adult counterparts. There is no doubt that the higher values of MV at peak of exercise reached by the pediatric population with increasing age are related to the levels of somatic maturation, and show a direct association with the growth of the pulmonary system 2,32,33 .…”