Exceptional Wildfire Enhancements of PAN, C2H4, CH3OH, and HCOOH Over the Canadian High Arctic During August 2017

Wizenberg, Tyler; Strong, Kimberly; Jones, Dylan B. A.; Lutsch, Erik; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Franco, Bruno; Clarisse, Lieven

doi:10.1029/2022jd038052

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(363 reference statements)

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“…12 and biased low injection heights of fire emissions. 59 The vertical profile of averaging kernels A z a (eq 1) describes the sensitivity of the satellite retrievals to concentrations as a function of altitude. Here, we see an order of magnitude increase in IASI PAN A z a from the PBL to the FT for the KORUS-AQ and ATom conditions (Figure 1f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transpacific Transport of Asian Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) Observed from Satellite: Implications for Ozone

Zhai,

Jacob,

Franco

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is produced in the atmosphere by photochemical oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and it can be transported over long distances at cold temperatures before decomposing thermally to release NO x in the remote troposphere. It is both a tracer and a precursor for transpacific ozone pollution transported from East Asia to North America. Here, we directly demonstrate this transport with PAN satellite observations from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI). We reprocess the IASI PAN retrievals by replacing the constant prior vertical profile with vertical shape factors from the GEOS-Chem model that capture the contrasting shapes observed from aircraft over South Korea (KORUS-AQ) and the North Pacific (ATom). The reprocessed IASI PAN observations show maximum transpacific transport of East Asian pollution in spring, with events over the Northeast Pacific offshore from the Western US associated in GEOS-Chem with elevated ozone in the lower free troposphere. However, these events increase surface ozone in the US by less than 1 ppbv because the East Asian pollution mainly remains offshore as it circulates the Pacific High.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the model overestimates PAN in the middle and upper FT in winter, it performs reasonably well in the PBL and lower FT where concentrations are high. The underestimate in summer could be due to an underestimate of PAN production in open-fire plumes and biased low injection heights of fire emissions …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpacific Transport of Asian Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) Observed from Satellite: Implications for Ozone

Zhai,

Jacob,

Franco

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…(2018, 2020), while detailed descriptions of the CH 3 OH, HCOOH, and PAN retrievals are provided in Wizenberg, Strong, Jones, Lutsch, et al. (2023) and references therein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GFASv1.2 inventory was selected over the default Global Fire Emissions Database, version 4.1 inventory (GFEDv4.1; Van Der Werf et al., 2017) as it was found that northern mid‐ and high‐latitude fires were better represented by GFAS when compared against satellite observations as discussed in Wizenberg, Strong, Jones, Lutsch, et al. (2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emissions of C 2 H 2 and HCOOH are absent from the current version of the GFAS inventory, so to approximate the emissions of these species we follow the approach described in Wizenberg, Strong, Jones, Lutsch, et al. (2023) and calculate the emission ratios relative to CO (in molar units) using values from Andreae (2019) for various biomass types (i.e., boreal forests, temperate forests, tropical forests, and grasslands). The GFEDv4.1 basis region map (available from: https://www.globalfiredata.org/data.html) was then used to allocate and apply the emissions globally in the model by scaling the existing GFAS CO fields by the pre‐determined molar emission ratios in each region via the HEMCO module.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measured and Modeled Trends of Seven Tropospheric Pollutants in the High Arctic From 1999 to 2022

Wizenberg,

Strong,

Jones

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The long‐term trends and seasonality of many tropospheric pollutants are not well characterized in the high Arctic due to a dearth of trace‐gas measurements in this remote region. In this study, the inter‐ and intra‐annual variabilities of carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (H2CO), formic acid (HCOOH), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the high Arctic region were derived from the total column time‐series of ground‐based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements at Eureka, Nunavut (80.05°N, 86.42°W, 2006–2020) and Thule, Greenland (76.53°N, 68.74°W, 1999–2022). Consistent seasonal cycles were observed in the FTIR measurements at both sites for all species. Negative trends were observed for CO, C2H2, and CH3OH at both sites, and for HCOOH at Eureka. Positive trends were detected for C2H6 and H2CO at both sites, and for PAN at Eureka. Additionally, a 19‐year simulation was performed using the novel GEOS‐Chem High Performance model v14.1.1 for the period of 2003–2021. The model was able to reproduce the observed seasonality of all gases, but all species showed negative biases relative to observations, and CH3OH was found to have a particularly large bias of approximately −70% relative to the FTIR measurements. The GEOS‐Chem modeled trends broadly agreed with observations for all species except C2H6, H2CO, and PAN, which were found to have opposite trends in the model. For some species, the measurement‐model differences are suspected to be the result of errors or underestimations in the emissions inventories used in the simulation.

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Estimating the Impact of a 2017 Smoke Plume on Surface Climate Over Northern Canada With a Climate Model, Satellite Retrievals, and Weather Forecasts

Field,

Luo,

Bauer

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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In August 2017, a smoke plume from wildfires in British Columbia and the Northwest Territories recirculated and persisted over northern Canada for over two weeks. We compared a full‐factorial set of NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE simulations of the plume to satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth and carbon monoxide, finding that ModelE performance was dependent on the model configuration, and more so on the choice of injection height approach, aerosol scheme and biomass burning emissions estimates than to the choice of horizontal winds for nudging. In particular, ModelE simulations with free‐tropospheric smoke injection, a mass‐based aerosol scheme and comparatively high fire NOx emissions led to unrealistically high aerosol optical depth. Using paired simulations with and without fire emissions, we estimated that for 16 days over an 850,000 km2 region, the smoke decreased planetary boundary layer heights by between 253 and 547 m, decreased downward shortwave radiation by between 52 and 172 Wm−2, and decreased surface temperature by between 1.5°C and 4.9°C, the latter spanning an independent estimate from operational weather forecasts of a 3.7°C cooling. The strongest surface climate effects were for ModelE configurations with more detailed aerosol microphysics that led to a stronger first indirect effect.

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Exceptional Wildfire Enhancements of PAN, C₂H₄, CH₃OH, and HCOOH Over the Canadian High Arctic During August 2017

Cited by 5 publications

References 139 publications

Transpacific Transport of Asian Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) Observed from Satellite: Implications for Ozone

Transpacific Transport of Asian Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) Observed from Satellite: Implications for Ozone

Measured and Modeled Trends of Seven Tropospheric Pollutants in the High Arctic From 1999 to 2022

Estimating the Impact of a 2017 Smoke Plume on Surface Climate Over Northern Canada With a Climate Model, Satellite Retrievals, and Weather Forecasts

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