Exceptional preservation of the white sharkCarcharodon(Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the early Pliocene of Peru

Ehret, Dana J.; Hubbell, Gordon; MacFadden, Bruce J.

doi:10.1671/039.029.0113

Cited by 55 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Uyeno et al, 1990;Shimada, 1997;Ehret et al, 2009a;Kriwet et al, 2014), the lack of more complete fossil specimens has led to conflicting interpretations about taxonomy. The taxonomic assignment of this species has long been debated and there are two main interpretations:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Record of Carcharocles megalodon in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)

Reolid

Molina

2015

Estud. geol.

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Tortonian diatomites of the San Felix Quarry (Porcuna), in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin, have given isolated marine vertebrate remains that include a large shark tooth (123.96 mm from apex to the baseline of the root). The large size of the crown height (92.2 mm), the triangular shape, the broad serrated crown, the convex lingual face and flat labial face, and the robust, thick angled root determine that this specimen corresponds to Carcharocles megalodon. The symmetry with low slant shows it to be an upper anterior tooth. The total length estimated from the tooth crown height is calculated by means of different methods, and comparison is made with Carcharodon carcharias. The final inferred total length of around 11 m classifies this specimen in the upper size range of the known C. megalodon specimens.The palaeogeography of the Guadalquivir Basin close to the North Betic Strait, which connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, favoured the interaction of the cold nutrient-rich Atlantic waters with warmer Mediterranean waters. The presence of diatomites indicates potential upwelling currents in this context, as well as high productivity favouring the presence of large vertebrates such as mysticetid whales, pinnipeds and small sharks (Isurus). These large vertebrates recorded in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin were potential prey of C. megalodon. Keywords: Carcharocles megalodon; fossil tooth; Guadalquivir Basin; Tortonian. RESUMENLas diatomitas tortonienses de la antigua Cantera de San Félix (Porcuna, Jaén), en el sector oriental de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir, han proporcionado restos aislados de vertebrados marinos entre los que destaca un gran diente de tiburón (123.96 mm desde el ápice hasta la línea basal de la raiz). La altura de la corona (92.2 mm), su forma triangular con bordes aserrados, la presencia de una cara lingual convexa y una labial plana, conjuntamente con la raíz angulosa y robusta, permiten determinar que este diente perteneció a un ejemplar de Carcharocles megalodon. La alta simetría de la pieza, su tamaño y su relación longitud/anchura de la corona permiten afrimar que se trata de un diente superior anterior. La longitud total estimada para este tiburón, es calculada a partir de diferentes métodos basados principalmente en la comparación con el tiburón blanco Carcharodon carcharias. La longitud total inferida finalmente para este ejemplar ronda los 11 m, lo que permite incluir este ejemplar dentro del rango de los ejemplares de C. megalodon de gran tamaño.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Record of Carcharocles megalodon in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)

Reolid

Molina

2015

Estud. geol.

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“…Indeed, the fossil record of vertebrates from Pisco Formation stands out for the exceptional abundance of specimens, high diversity and disparity, and remarkable quality of preservation (e.g., Hoffstetter, 1968;de Muizon, 1981de Muizon, , 1984de Muizon, , 1988de Muizon, , 1993de Muizon and DeVries, 1985;Pilleri, 1989Pilleri, -1990de Muizon and McDonald, 1995;de Muizon et al, 1999de Muizon et al, , 2002de Muizon et al, , 2003de Muizon et al, , 2004aMcDonald and de Muizon, 2002;de Muizon and Domning, 2002;Brand et al, 2004Brand et al, , 2011Esperante et al, 2008Lambert et al, 2008Lambert et al, , 2009Lambert et al, , 2010aLambert et al, , b, 2015Lambert et al, , 2017Ehret et al, 2009Ehret et al, , 2012Bianucci et al, 2010Bianucci et al, , 2016aBisconti, 2012;Lambert and de Muizon, 2013;Amson et al, 2014Amson et al, , 2015aAmson et al, , b, 2016Collareta et al, 2015Collareta et al, , 2017bGariboldi et al, 2015;Stucchi et al, 2015Stucchi et al, , 2016Gioncada et al, 2016;Marx and Kohno, 2016;Di Celma et al, 2017; A kogiid sper...…”

Section: Geographical and Stratigraphical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru

Collareta

Lambert

Muizon³

et al. 2017

Foss. Rec.

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Abstract. Among odontocetes, members of the family Kogiidae (pygmy and dwarf sperm whales) are known as smallsized and in many respects enigmatic relatives of the great sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus. Most of the still scanty fossil record of Kogiidae is represented by isolated skulls and ear bones from Neogene deposits of the Northern Hemisphere, with the significant exception of Scaphokogia, a highly autapomorphic genus from late Miocene deposits of the Pisco Formation exposed along the southern coast of Peru. Here we report on a new fossil kogiid from Aguada de Lomas, a site where the late Miocene beds of the Pisco Formation are exposed. This specimen consists of an almost complete cranium representing a new taxon of Kogiidae: Koristocetus pescei gen. et sp. nov. Koristocetus mainly differs from extant Kogia spp. by displaying a larger temporal fossa and well-individualized dental alveoli on the upper jaws. Coupled with a relatively elongated rostrum, these characters suggest that Koristocetus retained some degree of raptorial feeding abilities, contrasting with the strong suction feeding specialization seen in Recent kogiids. Our phylogenetic analysis recognizes Koristocetus as the earliest branching member of the subfamily Kogiinae. Interestingly, Koristocetus shared the southern coast of present-day Peru with members of the genus Scaphokogia, whose unique convex rostrum and unusual neurocranial morphology seemingly indicate a peculiar foraging specialization that has still to be understood. In conclusion, Koristocetus evokes a long history of high diversity, morphological disparity, and sympatric habits in fossil kogiids, thus suggesting that our comprehension of the evolutionary history of pygmy and dwarf sperm whales is still far from being exhaustive.

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“…The taxonomic assignment of the Otodontidae is a contentious subject that has been debated for over a century (Agassiz, 1843;Jordan and Hannibal, 1923;Glikman, 1964;Cappetta, 1987Cappetta, , 2012Applegate and Espinosa-Arrubarrena, 1996;Zhelezko and Kozlov, 1999;Purdy et al, 2001;Nyberg et al, 2006;Pimiento et al, 2010Pimiento et al, , 2013Ehret et al, 2009Ehret et al, , 2012. Original descriptions by Agassiz (1843) placed the megatoothed sharks within the Lamnidae, however they have since been reclassified as the Otodontidae by Glikman (1964) to recognize their distinct evolutionary history.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the Megatoothed sharks (Lamniformes:Otodontidae) in Alabama, USA

Ehret

Ebersole

2014

Preprint

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The Otodontidae include some of the largest sharks to ever live in the world’s oceans (i.e. Carcharocles megalodon). Here we report on Paleocene and Eocene occurrences of Otodus obliquus and Carcharocles auriculatus from Alabama, USA. Teeth of Otodus are rarely encountered in the Gulf Coastal Plain and this report is one of the first records for Alabama. Carcharocles auriculatus is more common in the Eocene deposits of Alabama, but its occurrence has been largely overlooked in the literature. We also refute the occurrence of the Oligocene Carcharocles angustidens in the state. Raised awareness and increased collecting of under-sampled geologic formations in Alabama will likely increase sample sizes of O. obliquus and C. auriculatus and also might unearth other otodontids, such as C. megalodon and C. chubutensis.

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Exceptional preservation of the white sharkCarcharodon(Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the early Pliocene of Peru

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Record of <em>Carcharocles megalodon</em> in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)

Record of <em>Carcharocles megalodon</em> in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)

<i>Koristocetus pescei</i> gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru

Occurrence of the Megatoothed sharks (Lamniformes:Otodontidae) in Alabama, USA

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Exceptional preservation of the white sharkCarcharodon(Lamniformes, Lamnidae) from the early Pliocene of Peru

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Record of <em>Carcharocles megalodon</em> in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)

Record of <em>Carcharocles megalodon</em> in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)

&lt;i&gt;Koristocetus pescei&lt;/i&gt; gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru

Occurrence of the Megatoothed sharks (Lamniformes:Otodontidae) in Alabama, USA

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<i>Koristocetus pescei</i> gen. et sp. nov., a diminutive sperm whale (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) from the late Miocene of Peru