“…The source‐region of the Yellow River (SYR) on the Tibetan Plateau is deemed as the “water tower” of the Yellow River (Immerzeel et al, 2010; Yuan et al, 2018) because it contributes 55%–70% of the annual runoff in the entire Yellow River with a drainage area fraction of only 16% (121 790 km 2 ) (Table S1) (Zhou & Huang, 2012). The recent amplified climate change on the Tibetan Plateau has accelerated glacier‐snow‐permafrost degradation and impacted the hydrological processes in many headwater regions (Immerzeel et al, 2020; Li et al, 2020; Li et al, 2021; Wang et al, 2021), triggering significant social and economic uncertainties to the downstream regions (Duan et al, 2020; Pritchard, 2019; Zheng et al, 2009). Thus, understanding how streamflow in SYR, particularly various runoff components (e.g., glacier‐melt flow, snowmelt flow, rainfall flow, and baseflow), respond to climate change has important implications for future water resource management in the entire Yellow River.…”