Abstract:Faced with grave climate change and enormous energy demands, effective catalysts have become more and more important due to their significant effects on reducing fossil fuels consumption. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by water splitting are feasible ways to produce clean sustainable energy. Here, atomic structures and related scanning tunneling microscope images of Se defects in PtSe2 are systematically explored. The equilibrium fractions of vacancies under variable … Show more
“…There is a little of influence upon the band structure of In 2 O 3 by the introduction of nitrogen species. [ 48 ] As for V o ‐N‐InON, an apparent change was observed by the simultaneous introduction of V o and D N . Except for the enhanced occupation of conduction band, more defective levels also appeared, which might influence the adsorption of intermediates and electronic transport behaviors.…”
hydrogen storage and formate fuel cells. [5] Notably, a tremendous amount of reports are devoted to exploring the advanced electrocatalysts for formate production through the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). Among these catalysts, In-based materials, including oxides, [6][7][8] nitrides, [9] sulfides, [10,11] MOFs, [12][13][14][15] pure metal, [16,17] and singleatom catalysts, [18,19] have attracted extensive attentions owing to their features of high formate selectivity and low toxicity. However, these catalysts still suffer the problems of large thermodynamic energy barrier and sluggish kinetic activity. Therefore, it is essential to develop a kind of efficient In-based catalysts for enhancing the catalytic activity of CO 2 RR.As is well known, the adsorption and hydrogenation processes are of great importance for converting the CO 2 to value-added chemicals. [20] All kinds of strategies have been explored to optimize the adsorption and hydrogenation processes of CO 2 RR, such as heterojunction engineering, [21][22][23] defect engineering, [24][25][26] doping engineering [27,28] etc. For instance, the adsorption capacity of CO 2 increases obviously by coupling the SnS nanosheets with the N-species, thus achieving a high formate selectivity of 92.6% with a significant formate partial current density of 41.1 mA cm -2 at a low overpotential of 0.9 V versus RHE. [29] O-vacancy confined in ZnO nanosheetsThe electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into hydrocarbons is an important approach to store sustainable energy and address climate concerns. However, it is a huge challenge to unearth a promising model for elucidating the role of dopants and vacancies on catalysts upon CO 2 electroreduction. Herein, porous indium oxynitride nanosheets with simultaneous incorporation of nitrogen dopant and oxygen vacancy (V o -N-InON) are reported for achieving efficient CO 2 conversion to formic acid (HCOOH). As a result, the catalyst exhibits an extremely high formate selectivity of 95.1% at a low potential of −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) compared with pristine In 2 O 3 , V o -In 2 O 3 , and InN, delivering a large partial current density of 121.1 mA cm -2 for formate production at −1.13 V versus RHE in the flow cell. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the generation of *OCHO intermediate is the ratedetermining step. The synergistic effect between nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies contributes to the activation of CO 2 , facilitates the charge transfer, and reduces the reaction free energy of *OCHO protonation. This work not only discloses a fundamental understanding of synergistic effects between nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies to improve catalytic performance, but also provides an effective platform toward CO 2 conversion.
“…There is a little of influence upon the band structure of In 2 O 3 by the introduction of nitrogen species. [ 48 ] As for V o ‐N‐InON, an apparent change was observed by the simultaneous introduction of V o and D N . Except for the enhanced occupation of conduction band, more defective levels also appeared, which might influence the adsorption of intermediates and electronic transport behaviors.…”
hydrogen storage and formate fuel cells. [5] Notably, a tremendous amount of reports are devoted to exploring the advanced electrocatalysts for formate production through the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). Among these catalysts, In-based materials, including oxides, [6][7][8] nitrides, [9] sulfides, [10,11] MOFs, [12][13][14][15] pure metal, [16,17] and singleatom catalysts, [18,19] have attracted extensive attentions owing to their features of high formate selectivity and low toxicity. However, these catalysts still suffer the problems of large thermodynamic energy barrier and sluggish kinetic activity. Therefore, it is essential to develop a kind of efficient In-based catalysts for enhancing the catalytic activity of CO 2 RR.As is well known, the adsorption and hydrogenation processes are of great importance for converting the CO 2 to value-added chemicals. [20] All kinds of strategies have been explored to optimize the adsorption and hydrogenation processes of CO 2 RR, such as heterojunction engineering, [21][22][23] defect engineering, [24][25][26] doping engineering [27,28] etc. For instance, the adsorption capacity of CO 2 increases obviously by coupling the SnS nanosheets with the N-species, thus achieving a high formate selectivity of 92.6% with a significant formate partial current density of 41.1 mA cm -2 at a low overpotential of 0.9 V versus RHE. [29] O-vacancy confined in ZnO nanosheetsThe electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into hydrocarbons is an important approach to store sustainable energy and address climate concerns. However, it is a huge challenge to unearth a promising model for elucidating the role of dopants and vacancies on catalysts upon CO 2 electroreduction. Herein, porous indium oxynitride nanosheets with simultaneous incorporation of nitrogen dopant and oxygen vacancy (V o -N-InON) are reported for achieving efficient CO 2 conversion to formic acid (HCOOH). As a result, the catalyst exhibits an extremely high formate selectivity of 95.1% at a low potential of −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) compared with pristine In 2 O 3 , V o -In 2 O 3 , and InN, delivering a large partial current density of 121.1 mA cm -2 for formate production at −1.13 V versus RHE in the flow cell. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the generation of *OCHO intermediate is the ratedetermining step. The synergistic effect between nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies contributes to the activation of CO 2 , facilitates the charge transfer, and reduces the reaction free energy of *OCHO protonation. This work not only discloses a fundamental understanding of synergistic effects between nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies to improve catalytic performance, but also provides an effective platform toward CO 2 conversion.
“…However, for a deeper understanding of the structure further investigations of the properties of fabricated borophene are required. Especially, the analyses focused on the edges of borophene should be proceeded as they play a crucial role in the stability of the material and its catalytic performance 20 – 22 . Figure 3 TEM images of A bulk boron, B Cu_Li + _1 A and C Ni_Li + _1 A with corresponding SAED patterns ( A’ , B’ , C’ ); insets of fast Fourier transform (FFT) of TEM images.…”
Electrochemical exfoliation of nonconductive boron to few-layered borophene is reported. This unique effect is achieved via the incorporation of bulk boron into metal mesh inducing electrical conductivity and opening a venue for borophene fabrication via this feasible strategy. The experiments were conducted in various electrolytes providing a powerful tool to fabricate borophene flakes with a thickness of ~ 3–6 nm with different phases. The mechanism of electrochemical exfoliation of boron is also revealed and discussed. Therefore, the proposed methodology can serve as a new tool for bulk scale fabrication of few-layered borophene and speed up the development of borophene-related research and its potential application.
“…The well-designed pore size, thickness, and morphology of the electrodes have a significant impact on the performance of the device. Furthermore, engineering strategies like elemental doping, 103–105 vacancy creation, 106,107 pore/hole generation, 108,109 phase engineering, 110,111 interlayer engineering, 112,113 and heterostructure construction 114,115 can further optimize the micro- and electronic structures, resulting in a desirable output power density. Intriguingly, a new modification strategy is provided in which the redox reaction occurs simultaneously in both the electrode and electrolyte, which provides an idea for the future development of metal electrodes.…”
Section: Progress Of Redox-induced Thermocellsmentioning
The evolution success for heat recovery technology plays an important role in global sustainable energy solution. Low-grade heat (below 200℃) from solar radiation, industry, and the human body is usually...
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