Excellent antimicrobial performance of co-doped magnetite double-layered ferrofluids fabricated from natural sand

Abstract

The preparation of Co-doped magnetite ferrofluids from natural sand was developed using a double-layer technique. The Co-doped magnetite nanoparticles formed a spinel phase with lattice parameters in the range of 8.355–8.422 Å and tended to agglomerate with the particle sizes of 7–12 nm. The presence of the first and second layers from oleic acid and DMSO was detected by the infrared spectrum as well as the olive oil used as a carrier liquid. The saturation magnetization of the superparamagnetic samples decreased from 24.4 to 4.8 emu/g with decreasing Co 2+ composition. The particle size and electrostatic forces between the magnetic particles and the microbes played an essential role in inhibiting microbial growth. Interestingly, the increasing Co 2+ composition enhanced the superior performance of the ferrofluids against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans . With additional extensive investigation, we believe that the prepared Co-doped magnetite double-layered ferrofluids from natural sand with superior antimicrobial performance can be new significant antimicrobial agents.

Biological synthesis, physico-chemical characterization of undoped and Co doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using Tribulus terrestris leaf extract and its antidiabetic, antimicrobial applications

“…Hence, NPs can easily diffuse into the cell membrane of the microbial strains and damage the cell wall quickly. Moreover, Co-Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition as better than undoped NPs due to the increased reactive oxygen species production, because ROS plays a major role to kill the microbes [32]. Based on these results Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans fungal strains show more sensitive to Co-Fe 2 O 3 NPs synthesised by T.T extract respectively.…”

“…The doping of Co 2+ metal ion increases the inhibition zone of Fe 2 O 3 NPs because of its modified physicochemical properties, larger surface volume ratio, bioavailability and biocompatibility. Therefore by modifying the optical, structural and magnetic properties, Co-Fe 2 O 3 NPs accelerates the damage of the microbial cells, when the surface area of the particles surrounds the cell wall membrane larger [32]. According to the previous resources, the biological preparation of nanoparticles using Jamium auriculatum with greater potential in antimicrobial activity was reported [33].…”

Recovery of Iron Nanoparticles from Mine Wastewater Using Plant Extracts of Eucalyptus Globulus, Callistemon Viminalis and Persea Americana

“…Also, the solid phase from the deposits contained stable nanoparticles of Fe, therefore, allowing to reduce the storage cost of the effluents in the liquid phase by decontaminating PTEs, in particular Fe. Besides, the magnetite nanoparticle deposits could be doped with other materials for medical application purposes, especially for anti-microbial [53] and superparamagnetic gels [54]. For future investigation, the bioactive compounds in the plant extracts should be characterized by HPLC/MS analysis to better understand the principle of the Fe reaction with the plant extracts.…”

Approaches on Ferrofluid Synthesis and Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…96 Figure 9 shows the proposed mechanism of destruction of the bacteria by Fe 3 O 4 /Ag ferrofluids, while Figure 10 illustrates the antifungal mechanism proposed for C. albicans. Metal oxides are thought to inhibit the growth of bacteria by producing oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), 96,137 which limits the synthesis of amino acids, lipid peroxidation, and DNA replication. Additionally, oxidative stress changes the cell membrane permeability and causes irreversible membrane damage.…”

“…albicans. Metal oxides are thought to inhibit the growth of bacteria by producing oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), , which limits the synthesis of amino acids, lipid peroxidation, and DNA replication. Additionally, oxidative stress changes the cell membrane permeability and causes irreversible membrane damage .…”