Excavations at Tell Brak, 1994

Matthews, Roger; Matthews, Wendy; McDonald, Helen

doi:10.1017/s0021088900002928

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These assemblages supplement a smaller number of LC2-3 sealings from rubbish deposits in the industrial area in TW, at the northern edge of the central mound. A few additional sealings come from a step trench, Area HS, at the site's northern edge (Matthews 2004). Most of the sealings were originally placed on containers (jars and baskets), and they are a useful proxy for the flow of resources into the settlement as it expanded from town to city.…”

Section: Augusta Mcmahonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). Excavations of LC2–3 occupation comprise trenches in two of the sub‐mounds, Majnuna and T2, and larger exposures at the northern and southern sides of the central mound, in Areas HS, TW, CH and the Eye Temple (Mallowan 1947; Matthews 2004; Oates 2005; McMahon and Oates 2007). From these excavations, we know that the LC2–3 city had at least two powerful institutions.…”

Section: Tell Brak In the Early Fourth Millennium Bcmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Composite Human‐animal Figures in Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia: Shamans or Images of Resistance?

McMahon

2022

Oxford J Archaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban growth in northern Mesopotamia in the early fourth millennium BC was accompanied by an increase in clay container sealings, reflecting the intensified movement and management of resources and manufactured items. The diverse imagery impressed into these sealings includes a human-ibex grasping a pair of snakes, a bird-human, and other composite figures. The human-ibex in particular has been identified as a 'shaman', but this is not an appropriate term. The early fourth millennium BC was a period of enormous social and economic upheaval generated by the growth of cities and institutions. Composite figures may have expressed resistance to increasingly structured lived experiences, acknowledging the paradoxes of urban living and affirming the continued presence of the unexplainable.

show abstract

Section: Augusta Mcmahonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tell Brak In the Early Fourth Millennium Bcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Human‐animal Figures in Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia: Shamans or Images of Resistance?

McMahon

2022

Oxford J Archaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The origins of agricultural settlement in the al-Ḥajar region

Orchard¹

1995

Iraq

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The earliest agricultural settlements in the al-Ḥajar region of southeastern Arabia were large, well-planned centres with a sophisticated and varied architecture. Because of their close environmental relationship with the al-Ḥajar mountain range and in order to distinguish them from the late 3rd millennium buildings and tombs of the type initially discovered and excavated on the island of Umm an-Nar, I have named these first settlements the al-Ḥajar oasis towns. To date, al-Ḥajar oasis towns have been identified at the sites of al-Khashbah, Firq, Bisyā, al-Ghubra, ʿAmlā, Bāt, Hili and Bidya, but there is every reason to believe that they also existed at Ṭawī Sim and Maysar, and at locations in Wadi Jizzi, Wadi Tayin, Wadi ʿAndām and Wadi Ḥalfayn (Fig. 1).Associated with the ruins of the al-Ḥajar oasis towns are extensive cemeteries of Beehive tombs. These well-built funerary structures, usually circular or oval in plan, have a single, paved, corbelled chamber, encompassed by one or two contiguous walls of carefully selected, skilfully laid, flattish limestones. Their beehive shape is formed by spanning the gap at the top of the corbelling with large, flat stones and piling more flat stones on top of these to form a domed superstructure (Fig. 2a–b). While generally similar in appearance as a class, the Beehive tombs may nevertheless vary in size, in the number of their walls, in the shape of the entrance (which may be triangular, wedge-shaped or rectangular) and in whether features such as external plinths or kerbstones are present. It remains to be determined whether these variations have any social, regional or chronological significance.

show abstract

Surface collection and offsite studies at Tell Hamoukar, 1999

Ur¹

2002

Iraq

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The new program of excavations of the Syrian-American Expedition to Tell Hamoukar, Hassake province, northeastern Syria, began with an initial season in Fall 1999. The project includes among its goals the study of the expansion and contraction of settlement on the site, as well as the relationship of the urbanization process on Hamoukar to regional settlement trends. Our initial step was to document the chronology and scale of this process through a controlled surface collection on Tell Hamoukar itself. In addition, we made some initial attempts at documenting the archaeological landscape near the site by recording traces of ancient roads (hollow ways) and making controlled collection of field scatters.

show abstract

Excavations at Tell Brak, 1994

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Composite Human‐animal Figures in Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia: Shamans or Images of Resistance?

Composite Human‐animal Figures in Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia: Shamans or Images of Resistance?

The origins of agricultural settlement in the al-Ḥajar region

Surface collection and offsite studies at Tell Hamoukar, 1999

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About