Excavation of Roman, medieval and later features at Carriden Roman fort annexe in 1994

Bailey, GeoffB; Webster, Peter; Will, Robert

doi:10.9750/psas.127.577.594

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the part of the region argued here to have been in economic decay, the putative pre-Antonine fields at Castledykes (Maxwell & Wilson 1987) are intriguing given the site-specific palynological evidence for cultivation as well as grazing (see above). argued that the system at Carriden (see also Bailey 1997) may have been contemporaneous with Roman occupation, perhaps associated with the civilian settlement, though this has not been established, but the best known system at Inveresk (Thomas 1988;Bishop 2002), though close to another vicus, is multi-period with some elements having developed in later prehistory and some added after Roman occupation (Cook 2004). The Roman system is extensive, however, and Cook (2004) argues that it gradually evolved, perhaps from a pre-Antonine core.…”

Section: Land Uses and Land Use Change: Synthesis And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the Forth estuary, the Wall east of Inveravon has evidence that the coast has retreated since Roman occupation. The fort at Carriden stands on a high cliff but the only limited evidence for the seaward defensive ditches (Bailey 1997) suggests that this cliff has retreated by an unknown distance since the second century ad: some of the most seaward fields of the system east of the fort also have no northern edges, though this need not imply contemporaneity of field system and fort. West of Bo'ness, the cliff is fronted by mudflat sediments that formed before the Antonine occupation and a 'Roman coastline' can be defined with reason (Bailey 1995b;Bailey & Cannel 1996) (illus 2).…”

Section: The Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The landscape context of the Antonine Wall: a review of the literature

Tipping¹,

Tisdall²

2006

PSAS

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The landscape, environmental and land use changes before, during and after Antonine occupation are examined for the region of central Scotland between the Southern Uplands and the Grampian Highlands, principally from the published literature. The purpose is to synthesize and make available a range of new palaeoenvironmental data, to evaluate critically these new data-sets, to search for significant shifts in landscape or land use and to characterize their timings and effects, thus placing the Antonine occupation in a coherent landscape context. It is established that economic expansion in the region occurred in the later Iron Age, demonstrably before Roman military occupation. This expansion developed from Bronze Age and earlier Iron Age small-scale farms and gathered pace in the last cal 200–300 years BC, for crop growing as well as pasture, and was continued rather than intensified in the first two centuries cal AD. It is difficult to see differences in this economic expansion north and south of the Antonine Wall itself, or east and west of the Forth–Clyde isthmus, but it is tentatively suggested that in the foothills of the Southern Uplands the Romans entered a landscape already decaying. Roman influence is perhaps recognizable at some localities in a reduction of cereal production and the expansion of grazed pasture, assumed to represent a restructuring of the native economy to support a new market. It is presumed that imports of foodstuffs continued to be important to Roman forces during Antonine occupation, although possible reconstructions of the sediments in the Forth and Clyde estuaries suggest these may not have provided ideal harbours. There is little evidence that this increased pastoral economy imposed stresses on soils or plant communities, and the market seems to have been readily supplied within the agricultural capacity of the landscape. Nevertheless, the native economy was probably artificially buoyed by the Roman presence, and withdrawal eventually led to what is best described as an agricutural recession, not population collapse.

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Section: Land Uses and Land Use Change: Synthesis And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

The landscape context of the Antonine Wall: a review of the literature

Tipping¹,

Tisdall²

2006

PSAS

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The Early Medieval Antonine Wall

Maldonado¹

2015

Britannia

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Archaeological fieldwork in the Forth-Clyde isthmus has been dominated by the World Heritage Monument of the Antonine Wall, the Roman frontier built in the second century a.d. Considerably less attention has been given to the evidence for post-Roman experience of the Wall and how it was remembered (and forgotten) in the subsequent centuries. This paper will briefly summarise historical notices of the Antonine Wall, then consider the archaeological and toponymic evidence for early medieval occupation. The role of the Forth-Clyde isthmus as a political frontier is shown to be less significant to our understanding of this period than the evidence for mobility, memory and the contested legacy of Rome in early medieval Scotland.

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Excavation of Roman, medieval and later features at Carriden Roman fort annexe in 1994

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

The landscape context of the Antonine Wall: a review of the literature

The landscape context of the Antonine Wall: a review of the literature

The Early Medieval Antonine Wall

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