Excavation compensation theory and supplementary technology system for large deformation disasters

Abstract

Given the challenges in managing large deformation disasters in energy engineering, traffic tunnel engineering, and slope engineering, the excavation compensation theory has been proposed for large deformation disasters and the supplementary technology system is developed accordingly. This theory is based on the concept that "all destructive behaviors in tunnel engineering originate from excavation." This paper summarizes the development of the excavation compensation theory in five aspects: the "theory," "equipment," "technology," the design method with large deformation mechanics, and engineering applications. First, the calculation method for compensation force has been developed based on this theory, and a comprehensive large deformation disaster control theory system is formed. Second, a negative Poisson's ratio anchor cable with high preload, large deformation, and super energy absorption characteristics has been independently developed and applied to large deformation disaster control. An intelligent tunnel monitoring and early warning cloud platform system are established for remote monitoring and early warning system of Newton force in landslide geological hazards. Third, the double gradient advance grouting technology, the two-dimensional blasting technology, and the integrated Newton force monitoring--early warning--control technology are developed for different engineering environments. Finally, some applications of this theory in China's energy, traffic tunnels, landslide, and other field projects have been analyzed, which successfully demonstrates the capability of this theory in large deformation disaster control.

Study on creep deformation and energy development of underground surrounding rock under four‐dimensional support

“…Liu (2018) pointed out that better withstand the high stress and long‐term high‐intensity disturbance of deep mining, the new 4D support theory needs to be further studied in terms of the support effect of roadway surrounding rock under conditions of large roadway depth and long‐term service, so as to obtain the design parameters and engineering indexes of the 4D support theory. As revealed by the review of previous studies, there are relatively few studies on the influence of the increase of roadway depth and creep deformation time on roadway surrounding rock deformation under different support modes, and more detailed studies are needed to promote the application of new technologies (Ansell, 2005; Freeman, 1978; He et al, 2014, 2023; Kang et al, 2013; Kilic et al, 2002; Kim et al, 2007; Li, 2010, 2012; Ma et al, 2023; Tao et al, 2016; Yang et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2015). In this study, the influence of roadway depth and time effect on the energy development of 4D supported surrounding rock is discussed in detail.…”

“…Focusing on the problem of deep dynamic pressure roadway support, Zhang et al (2012) developed a “high resistance‐yield” support system with a high strength yield anchor and a ribbed anchor cable as the core. He et al (2023) developed negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) anchors/anchor cables as the core of the development of large deformation restriction technology. NPR anchors/anchor cables can effectively improve the deformation capacity up to 1000 mm, but the deformation of the perimeter rock between the anchors in the state of tensile stress has limited effect on deformation restriction.…”