Examining within- and between-person facets of negative affect and associations with daily craving among young adults in substance use disorder recovery

Chiang, Shou‐Chun; Knapp, Kyler S.; Bai, Sunhye; Cleveland, H. Harrington; Harris, Kitty S.

doi:10.1080/16066359.2022.2102611

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Additionally, a more recent review found that most studies have focused on associations between stress, affect, cravings, and substance use outcomes, but with mixed results regarding associations between negative affect and craving/substance use 66 . This being said, EMA studies have indicated that certain patterns of in the moment stress 67 , 68 , high positive affect 69 , and certain kinds of intense negative affect (i.e., anger, fear, and sadness) 70 , predict craving and substance use outcomes during SUD treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed methods experience sampling study of a posttraumatic growth model for addiction recovery

Runyan,

Vermilya,

St. Pierre

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Problematic substance use and addiction is a growing crisis in the United States. As a result, identifying factors that effectively promote addiction recovery is, currently, of particular societal importance. Informed by evidence that—while addiction can be perpetuated by stress-related impulsivity and decreased self-regulation—perceived social support is protective against addiction, we test a model for addiction recovery as a form of posttraumatic growth (PTG), focused specifically on close relationships and personal strength—two domains of PTG. In an initial study, we found that perceived social support and impulsivity predicted number of relapses in individuals in a substance use disorder recovery program. Using experience sampling, we then observed that experiencing a stressful event predicted impulsive behavior. However, experiencing closeness with others—a domain of PTG—was directly associated with perceived social support, and both predicted positive emotional states, which were, in turn, inversely associated with experiencing a stressful event. Further, when experiencing a stressful event, personal strength—also a domain of PTG—was inversely associated with impulsive behavior and was predicted by both perceived social support and positive emotional states. Finally, in a follow-up experiment, we found that an ecological momentary intervention targeting perceived social support decreased impulsivity and increased self-regulation—an aspect of personal strength—in a dose-dependent fashion. Taken together, our findings: (1) support a PTG model for recovery; (2) provide evidence for processes by which close supportive relationships are protective against addiction and relapse; and (3) indicate that self-regulation is responsive to a short in-the-moment perceived social support intervention. We suggest that these findings support the theory that addiction is a social disease in the sense that close personal interactions and supportive relationships: (a) buffer against stress-related impulsivity, thereby protecting against addiction and relapse; and (b) increase personal strength, thereby decreasing the probability of impulsive—including addictive—behavior and promoting recovery.

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