Examining waterborne and dietborne routes of exposure and their contribution to biological response patterns in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Metals in tissues of seabass and seabream reared in sites with oxic and anoxic substrata and risk assessment for consumers

“…However, muscle can accumulate high levels of metals after chronic exposure through transport of elements from the other tissues (Alhashemi et al, 2012). Thus, our results indicate that concentrations of As, Hg, Rb and Cs were higher in muscle than in the other tissues, which is consistent with other studies (Ferreira et al, 2008;Rozon-Ramilo, Dube, Squires, & Niyogi, 2011). It should be noted that water content in the samples of different tissues ranged from 55% in bones to 69% in muscle, which to a certain extend affect the concentration of metals.…”

“…It has been found that anoxic, silty sediments with a high organic and sulphide content can scavenge metals more effectively than oxic, coarse sediments with a low organic and sulphide content (Kalantzi et al, 2013b;Eggleton & Thomas, 2004). Furthermore, in anoxic sites there are higher concentrations of TOC and DOC than in oxic sites which reduce the absorption of elements in fish due to complexation (Rozon-Ramilo et al, 2011). The sediments can be resuspended in the water column due to disturbance by currents, tidal movement and storms, as well as bioturbation caused by the feeding, movement and burrow formation of benthic animals, changing the sediment chemistry and sediment-associated elements.…”

Metal concentrations in demersal fish species from Santa Maria Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico (Pacific coast)

“…Considering the average concentrations, the metals examined can be ranked in the following order: Fe (2.301 mg kg À1 ) > Zn (1.161 mg kg À1 ) > Ni (0.197 mg kg À1 ) > Cr (0.175 mg kg À1 ) > Mn (0.105 mg kg À1 ) > Pb (0.086 mg kg À1 ) > Cu (0.059 mg kg À1 ) > Co (0.057 mg kg À1 ) > As (0.025 mg kg À1 ) > Cd (0.021 mg kg À1 ) > Hg (0.001 mg kg À1 ). Based on the total concentration of metals, the individual species can be ranked as follows The order may vary as each fish species exhibits different feeding habits; moreover, even within the same species absorption rates vary by tissue type (e.g., Liang et al, 1999;Rozon-Ramilo et al, 2011;Monikh et al, 2013). In general, the highest concentrations are found in the bottom dwelling species, particularly those living in inlets with considerable shell materials (e.g., Johnson et al, 1998;Yi and Zhang, 2012;Bolton et al, 2004).…”

Survival and Contaminants in Imperiled and Common Riverine Fishes Assessed with an In Situ Bioassay Approach

“…Previous studies have shown that when fathead minnow are exposed to contaminated effluent there are impacts on individual swimming performance and aerobic energy metabolism (Goertzen et al 2011). Metals in effluent have also been linked to reduced reproductive success, significant metal accumulation into fish tissues, and overall metal toxicity (Rozon-Ramilo et al 2011). Many contaminants detected did not exceed aquatic life thresholds; however, these thresholds, and our ability to measure contaminants, did not account for the possibility of toxicity from pulse exposures (high concentrations for short periods of time, which are difficult to measure), which may be associated with greater risk than continuous exposures (Diamond et al 2005).…”