Examining variation in skeletal tuberculosis in a late pre-contact population from the eastern mountains of Peru

Toyne, J. Marla; Esplin, Nathan; Buikstra, Jane E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.04.002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This method is less accurate than using pathogen DNA or lipid biomarkers, as demonstrated in the case–control skeletal diagnosis study by Pedersen et al (2019), which found an ~50% error rate with visual TB diagnosis. As a result, while some probable TB lesions were identified in pre‐contact remains of Indigenous people, this alone was not enough to fully dismiss the conventional theory of European‐borne TB introduction to the Americas (Allison et al, 1973; Lichtor & Lichtor, 1957; Nelson et al, 2020; Ritchie, 1952; Toyne et al, 2020; Wilbur & Buikstra, 2006).…”

Section: Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary history of infectious disease in the ancient Americas and the pathogenic consequences of European contact

Joseph

Lindo

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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The increasing availability of next generation sequencing techniques in recent decades has led to new discoveries, and sometimes the redefinition of conventional hypotheses, regarding many complex human‐pathogen evolutionary relationships. These new discoveries are particularly poignant in studies of the Americas, where research into Indigenous ancestry and migration has historically been ignored. As a result, conventional hypotheses regarding the origin of global pathogens like tuberculosis, syphilis, and malaria in the Americas and their spread within the continents have been mischaracterized. Fortunately, recent studies using molecular techniques have now superseded these missteps, which were often based in anecdotal accounts from colonial missionary reports rather than rigorous scientific study. It is now clear that there was not a unidirectional pipeline of pathogen introduction that began with European contact; instead, a rich and varied microbiological landscape already existed in the Americas. This synthesis of research regarding the origin and spread of pathogens in the Americas examines the scope of this changing perception within the fields of paleogenomics and paleomicrobiology.

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Section: Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary history of infectious disease in the ancient Americas and the pathogenic consequences of European contact

Joseph

Lindo

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…Infectious disease, parasitic infections, and respiratory illness have also been studied within and between urban populations. Toyne et al (2020) consider TB in an early urban center of Peru (800–1535 CE). The results indicate that urban features such as close contact among residents likely facilitated the spread of respiratory infections such as TB.…”

Section: Bioarchaeological Studies Of Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a bioarchaeology of urbanization: Demography, health, and behavior in cities in the past

Betsinger

DeWitte

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Urbanization is one of the most important settlement shifts in human history and has been the focus of research within bioarchaeology for decades. However, there have been limited attempts to synthesize the results of these studies in order to gain a broader perspective on whether or how urbanization affects the biology, demography, and behavior of humans, and how these potential effects are embodied in the human skeleton. This paper outlines how bioarchaeology is well-suited to examine urbanization in the past, and we provide an overview and examples of three main ways in which urbanization is studied in bioarchaeological research: comparison of (often contemporaneous) urban and rural sites, synchronic studies of the variation that exists within and between urban sites, and investigations of changes that occur within urban sites over time. Studies of urbanization, both within bioarchaeology and in other fields of study, face a number of limitations, including a lack of a consensus regarding what urban and urbanization mean, the assumed dichotomous nature of urban versus rural settlements, the supposition that urbanization is universally bad for people, and the assumption (at least in practice) of homogeneity within urban and rural populations. Bioarchaeologists can address these limitations by utilizing a wide array of data and methods, and the studies described here collectively demonstrate the complex, nuanced, and highly variable effects of urbanization.

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“…131 in addition to the vertebral lesions found on three vertebrae appear to be typical of a type of upper respiratory disease, probably TB. Cases of tuberculosis have been identified in the Prehispanic and colonial Andes during paleopathological and molecular analyses of skeletal and mummified remains (e.g., Allison et al 1973;Arrieta, Bordach, and Mendonca 2014;Arriaza et al 1995;Klaus et al 2010;Nelson et al 2020;Toyne, Esplin, and Buikstra 2020), suggesting that tuberculosis was most likely endemic in Prehispanic Peru. A more comprehensive summary of previously published paleopathological studies of cases of TB in the Prehispanic Andes can be found in Nelson and colleagues' 2020 review article.…”

Section: Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleopathology of Commingled Remains: A Case Study from the Prehispanic Highlands of Peru

Serra

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Over the past 40 years, the field of Andean paleopathology has developed considerably, tackling broad research questions on the health and disease patterns of Prehispanic Andean populations while relying on ever evolving and improving theoretical and methodological research models. However, commingled skeletal assemblages recovered from collective tombs and looted contexts have rarely been at the center of these theoretical and methodological advancements in Andean paleopathology despite their widespread presence throughout the Prehispanic Andes. While recent studies have shown that these looted contexts can still produce valuable data, very few of them have focused on paleopathology and no such studies exist for the Cordillera Negra region of Peru. Therefore, this study represents the first systematic paleopathological analysis of a Prehispanic commingled skeletal assemblage from this region, dating to the Late Intermediate Period (1000 -1480 AD). In addition to providing new information regarding the types of diseases the people interred in those funerary structures suffered from (including degenerative joint diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, trauma, developmental anomalies, and a probable case of a neoplasm), the present research demonstrates the potential and feasibility of undertaking rigorous paleopathological analyses of these challenging contexts. Indeed, the use of detailed excavation and laboratory methodologies, the integration of relevant taphonomical information, and the creation of an extensive relational database enabled reassociation of multiple bone elements based on bioarchaeological and paleopathological evidence, thus aiding in the elaboration of differential diagnoses and more generally in the interpretation of these commingled contexts. v identified skeletal collection .

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Examining variation in skeletal tuberculosis in a late pre-contact population from the eastern mountains of Peru

Cited by 5 publications

References 90 publications

The evolutionary history of infectious disease in the ancient Americas and the pathogenic consequences of European contact

The evolutionary history of infectious disease in the ancient Americas and the pathogenic consequences of European contact

Toward a bioarchaeology of urbanization: Demography, health, and behavior in cities in the past

Paleopathology of Commingled Remains: A Case Study from the Prehispanic Highlands of Peru

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