Major policy efforts aim to make preschool universally available and improve the quality of child care settings, with a goal of preparing all children for school (Child Trends, 2015; Pew Charitable Trusts, 2014; U.S. Department of Education, 2013). Importantly for our study, policies often dictate that observational measures are incorporated in an attempt to ensure high classroom quality. Often, raw scores (e.g., averaging across all items) from these measures are compared to cut scores, contributing to consequential decisions for child care subsidy levels, Head Start funding, and public recognition with medals (gold, silver, bronze) or stars (5-star, 4-star, etc.). One widely used measure to assess the quality of child care centers is the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale, Revised (ECERS-R; Harms, Clifford, & Cryer, 1998). A compendium of state Quality Rating and Improvement Systems found that 40% of states used only the ECERS-R and another 40% used ECERS-R along with another quality measure (Child Trends, 2015). A recent survey of state pre-kindergarten policies similarly found that 19 states relied on ECERS-R for program monitoring (Ackerman, 2014). With such consequences for funding and reputation, these measures can have an outsized influence on teacher practice, similar to high-stakes student