Examining the role of menthol cigarettes in progression to established smoking among youth

Nonnemaker, James; Feirman, Shari P.; MacMonegle, Anna; Jackson, Kia J.; Schroeder, Megan J; Smith, Alison K.; Ridgeway, William; Rass, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106045

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The authors acknowledge a recent concern about the consumption of mint‐ and menthol‐flavored cigarettes, including the faster progression of an established smoker in a younger age, 32,33 and the increased flux of tobacco‐derived carcinogens across porcine oral and esophageal mucosa 34,35 . Nonetheless, this hypothesis—testing menthol‐flavored cigarettes—has not been studied/ruled out in our preclinical model, and further investigations are warranted since cigarette smoke is a complex mixture with multiple chemical classes, including PAHs, N‐nitrosamines, aromatic amines, aldehydes, volatile organic hydrocarbons, and metals 36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying effects of menthol against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female Swiss mice

Santo

Romualdo

Santos

et al. 2021

Environmental Toxicology

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Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon widespread in the environment and closely associated to tobacco use, which is an important risk factor for highly incident stomach cancer. Menthol, a monoterpene extracted from Mentha genus species, has multiple biological properties, including anti‐inflammatory and gastroprotective properties, but its effects on carcinogenesis are still to be fully understood. Thus, we evaluated the modifying effects of Ment against BaP‐induced forestomach carcinogenesis. Female Swiss mice received BaP by intragastrical (i.g.) administration (50 mg/kg of body weight [b wt], 2×/week), from weeks 1–5 weeks. Concomitantly, mice received Menthol at 25 (Ment25) or 50 (Ment50) mg/kg b wt (i.g, 3×/week). Animals were euthanized at weeks 5 (n = 5 mice/group) or 30 (n = 10 mice/group). At week 5, both Ment doses reduced peripheral leukocyte blood genotoxicity 4 h after the last BaP administration, but only Ment50 attenuated this biomarker 8 h after the last BaP administration. In accordance to these findings, both Ment interventions attenuated BaP‐induced increase in the percentage of H2A.X‐positive forestomach epithelial cells. Moreover, Ment50 reduced cell proliferation and apoptosis (i.e., Ki‐67 and caspase‐3, respectively) in forestomach epithelium but exerted no significant effects on NFκB, and Nrf2 protein levels. At week 30, Ment50 reduced by ~55% the incidence of BaP‐induced forestomach diffuse hyperplasia and multiplicity of forestomach tumors (squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas). Our findings indicate that Ment50, administered during initiation phase, attenuates forestomach carcinogenesis by reducing early genotoxicity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis induced by BaP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying effects of menthol against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female Swiss mice

Santo

Romualdo

Santos

et al. 2021

Environmental Toxicology

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“…From 2011 to 2016, the prevalence of menthol cigarette use significantly decreased from 6.2 to 2.6%, whereas the prevalence of non-menthol cigarette use decreased from 4.1 to 2.5% over the same period among all US middle and high school students; from 2016 to 2018, prevalence of menthol cigarette use (2.6 to 2.5%) and non-menthol cigarette use (2.5 to 2.5%) did not change [18]. Youth menthol cigarette use is concerning because menthol cigarette smokers appear to be more likely than non-menthol cigarette smokers to smoke more cigarettes [19], intend to continue smoking [19], progress to regular smoking [20,21], and become nicotine dependent [20,[22][23][24]. In addition to increasing the reinforcing effects of nicotine [24], menthol-flavored cigarettes appeal to newer, younger smokers who find them less harsh to smoke than non-menthol cigarettes [22,23,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)

Patel

Hirschtick

Cook

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among youth in the United States has increased rapidly in the past decade. Simultaneously, while youth cigarette smoking has declined considerably, youth are still more likely to use menthol cigarettes than any other age group. We used nationally representative data on 15–17-year-olds from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) (2013–2017) to better understand current cigarette (by menthol flavoring) and ENDS use in the US. We calculated weighted population prevalence estimates across years for multiple patterns of current cigarette and ENDS use (i.e., exclusive menthol cigarette, exclusive non-menthol cigarette, exclusive ENDS, dual ENDS and menthol cigarette, and dual ENDS and non-menthol cigarette) by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, household income, and homeownership. Overall, both exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette use declined from 2013–2017. Exclusive ENDS use increased, particularly among youth who were non-Hispanic White or had a higher socioeconomic status (measured by parental education, household income, and homeownership). Dual use of ENDS with either menthol or non-menthol cigarettes did not change significantly. Monitoring changes in these sociodemographic patterns will help inform future youth tobacco prevention strategies.

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“…There is a wealth of well documented problematic public health concerns surrounding the use of menthol flavour cigarettes (see [24][25][26][27][28]), however, the relative novelty of menthol flavour capsule cigarettes has meant that there is a dearth of research examining their use. Flavour capsule cigarette use is an area of research priority for the World Health Organisation [29], especially since menthol capsules are specifically targeted to, and used by, young people [30,31], with older people more likely to position capsules as a gimmick [32]. While age is consistently identified as a factor shaping capsule use, there is limited research on other identity factors that are associated with capsule use; specifically, gender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresher with flavour: young women smokers’ constructions and experiences of menthol capsule cigarettes and regular cigarettes

Gilbert

Ewald

2021

BMC Women's Health

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Background Flavour capsule cigarettes are one of the fastest growing segments of the tobacco market, and there is evidence that Australian young people are increasingly using menthol flavoured capsule cigarettes. This qualitative research examines how young women construct and experience menthol flavour capsule cigarettes as part of their smoking practices, and explores the perceived differences between menthol capsule cigarettes and regular cigarettes. Semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 41 Australian young women smokers, using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Results Findings reveal that the perceived fresh and improved taste of menthol and the ability to customise the smoking process positively contributed to young women’s experiences of smoking menthol capsule cigarettes. In particular, menthol capsule flavour cigarettes were constructed by the young women as “fresh”, “light” and “minty”, and “popping” the menthol capsule allowed the young women to personalise their smoking experience. Conclusion These results indicate that specific public health campaigns and legislation should be developed to counter the powerfully alluring effects and the innovative appeal of menthol capsule cigarettes.

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Examining the role of menthol cigarettes in progression to established smoking among youth

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Modifying effects of menthol against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female Swiss mice

Modifying effects of menthol against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female Swiss mice

Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)

Fresher with flavour: young women smokers’ constructions and experiences of menthol capsule cigarettes and regular cigarettes

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