Examining the molecular basis of coat color in a nocturnal primate family (Lorisidae)

Munds, Rachel A.; Titus, Chelsea L.; Moreira, Laís Alves Antonio; Eggert, Lori S.; Blomquist, Gregory E.

doi:10.1002/ece3.7338

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…Fitch-Snyder and Ehrlich 2003;Nekaris et al 2008;Nekaris et al 2010;Streicher et al 2012;Ni et al 2020;Poindexter and Nekaris 2020) and genetically (e.g. Chen et al 2006;Perelman et al 2011;Pozzi et al 2015;Munds et al 2018;Munds et al 2021). Combined, these studies allow us to gain a better understanding of the species and higher-level taxonomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)

Nekaris¹,

Nijman²

2022

ZSE

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Lorisiformes are nocturnal primates from Africa and Asia with four genera, with two (Arctocebus and Loris), three (Perodicticus) and nine (Nycticebus) recognised species. Their cryptic lifestyle and lack of study have resulted in an underappreciation of the variation at the species and genus level. There are marked differences between the pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus and the other Nycticebus species and, in the past, several authors have suggested that these may warrant recognition at the generic level. We here combine morphological, behavioural, karyotypical and genetic data to show that these contrasts are, indeed, significantly large and consistent. We propose Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. as a new genus name for the pygmy slow lorises and suggest a common name of pygmy lorises. Based on analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences, we calculate the divergence of pygmy from slow lorises at 9.9–10.0%. The median date, calculated for the divergence between Xanthonycticebus and Nycticebus, is 10.5 Mya (range 4.9–21.0 Mya). Xanthonycticebus differs from Nycticebus by showing sympatry with other slow loris species, by habitually giving birth to twins, by showing seasonal body mass and whole body coat colour changes (absent in other species living at similar latitudes) and a multi-male, multi-female social system. Pygmy lorises are easily recognisable by the absence of hair on their ears and more protruding premaxilla. Xanthonycticebus is threatened by habitat loss and illegal trade despite legal protection across their range and all slow lorises are listed on appendix 1 of CITES. The suggested nomenclatural changes should not affect their legal status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)

Nekaris¹,

Nijman²

2022

ZSE

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focusing on genes with NS variation in bald uakaris, the dopachrome tautomerase gene (DCT) involved in melanin biosynthesis downstream to MC1R , showed a mutation in the position tarseq_64:7868470 (T>C) that causes a NS change (Q>E). This gene has been linked to hair and skin color variation in animals [36][37][38] Further, through a functional overrepresentation analysis, categories of OMIM, KEGG and PANTHER pathway databases were found to be significantly enriched in the above described sets of genes, as well as GO-Biological process categories for bald and black uakaris and HPO in the case of genes affected in both groups (Table 1). The strongest enrichment in the common list of genes (different mutation in each group) was of the Lipoprotein localization category from KEGG pathway, nonetheless, there was an overall enrichment for immune-related categories in the three databases (Table 1, Figure S14).…”

Section: Functional Genetic Differentiation Between Groups Is Led By ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Whole genomes of the amazonianCacajaoreveal complex connectivity and fast differentiation driven by high environmental dynamism

Hermosilla-Albala,

Silva,

Cuadros-Espinoza

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Uakari monkeys (genusCacajao) are endemic to the Amazon rainforest. These have been divided into two main groups: bald and black, mainly based on phenotypic and ecological differences, for which eight taxonomic species have been described. We present 48 geo-localized high coverage whole genomes from uakaris in wild populations across their habitat range. The resolution in terms of sequencing depth provided by this dataset has allowed us to closely explore the structure and evolutionary past of these populations inhabiting the highly dynamic and diverse Amazon rainforest, unavailable until now. Also, we have refined previous phylogenetic estimates by presenting the first whole genome phylogenies available forCacajao, which were built based on 1Mb and 250kb windows respectively. In this context, bald and black uakaris showed differing genetic diversity ranges, group-specific non-synonymous variation enriched for pathogen-related pathways, and strong population structure, both among and within species. Despite the latter, connectivity was common inside each group whilst strongly shaped by allopatric barriers. Strikingly, even though their habitat ranges partially overlap, no migration was detected between these two groups. Lastly, demographic inference was performed employing a maximum likelihood approach, with which we i) obtained overall higher effective population size estimates for bald extant and ancestral populations than black in agreement with genetic diversity patterns, and ii) found the evolutionary divergence times in the genus were as old as one million years, depicting a quite recent evolutionary history. With this work we increased the representation of wild non-human primates in genomic studies, particularly that of platyrrhine lineages such asCacajao.

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“…Cellular activation alongside expression of the MCR1 (melanocortin-1 receptor) gene triggers eumelanin production (Majerus and Mundy, 2003;Haitina, 2007). In primate evolution, phaeomelanin is derived while eumelanin is ancestral, suggesting an evolutionary cause for the production and persistence of eumelanic species among primates (Munds et al, 2021;Sulem, 2007;Sturm, 2003;Han et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Male Facial Color as a 'Badge of Status' in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

Satishchandran

2023

Preprint

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Sexual selection is driven by two main mechanisms, intrasexual selection and intersexual selection. Classically, elaborate male ornamentation is considered to function as an intersexual signal, in which females choose potential mates on the basis of their conspicuous colouration. However, some studies have shown that male sexual ornamentation may also serve as an intersexual signal of strength or dominance (as ‘badges of status’), mediating conflict between males. Among primates, such signals often comprise bright colouration on the face, scrotum, or chest. The potential function as a badge of status of the dark facial colouration seen in a number of primate species is less explored. In this study of male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) living in a semi-free ranging enclosure at Trentham Monkey Forest, I predicted that darker faced males would be higher ranked, receive higher rates of submissive behavior, and spend less time with males in close proximity, respectively. I found that male facial colour was not related to rank, rate of submissions received or patterns of proximity to conspecifics. Thus, this work does not support the hypothesis that dark facial colouration serves as an intrasexual badge of status in this species.

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Examining the molecular basis of coat color in a nocturnal primate family (Lorisidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 103 publications

A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)

A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)

Whole genomes of the amazonianCacajaoreveal complex connectivity and fast differentiation driven by high environmental dynamism

The Role of Male Facial Color as a 'Badge of Status' in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

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