Examining the implications of photochemical indicators for O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity and control strategies: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China

Li, Xun; Qin, Momei; Li, Lin; Gong, Kangjia; Shen, Huizhong; Li, Jingyi; Hu, Jianlin

doi:10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The model tops of all domains were set to 50 hPa and 35 vertical layers. The simulation was performed from May 1, 2009, to October 31, 2009, and February 15, 2010, to July 15, 2010, covering the growing period of single rice NCP including BTH, double rice in the YRD, and winter wheat in both regions based on previous research (e.g., Zhao et al, 2020;Li et al, 2022b). Furthermore, due to the absence of air quality monitoring data in China prior to April 1, 2013, a simulation covering the period from April 1, 2013, to May 31, 2013, was conducted to validate the performance of the WRF-Chem model.…”

Section: Wrf-chemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, levels of surface O 3 pollutants have not been adequately reduced (Jin et al, 2016;Dang and Liao, 2019;Li et al, 2020b;Li et al, 2021). Modeling studies have underscored the influence of meteorological conditions, including wind, humidity, and mixing height, and varying anthropogenic emissions on the formation of O 3 in urban areas ( Li et al, 2022b;Ma et al, 2023). To further our understanding of policy effects on O 3 reduction, it is essential to examine both meteorological and anthropogenic emissions in the NCP, which is a region of major anthropogenic emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the effect of troposphere ozone on grain production in North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta

XUYUAN,

TATSUMI

2024

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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Tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) is known to harm crops by intrinsically affecting photosynthesis and other functions during crop growth. In staple crop production bases in the North China Plain (NCP) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions, food security, especially food production, has been reported to be threatened by high O 3 concentrations. Studies have been conducted in the NCP or YRD to understand tropospheric O 3 and its precursor gases; however, the need to understand the effect of O 3 on crops in conjunction with the contributions of precursor gases (VOCs and NO x ) to O 3 formation using a fine-scale model remains. In this study, the combined Weather Research and Forecast with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was used to evaluate the impact of surface O 3 on reduced grain yield in China in 2010, covering the crop-growing seasons of single rice, double late rice, and winter wheat. The relative yield loss due to O 3 damage was evaluated using the accumulated O 3 exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) and a mean 7-hour O 3 mixing ratio (M7). The validation showed that the gas-phase chemistry mechanism Model for Ozone and Related chemical tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), coupled with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) aerosol module registered in WRF-Chem, can simulate O 3 fairly in the NCP and YRD. The aggregated average rice (wheat) relative yield losses throughout NCP and YRD were estimated to be 5.9% (27.1%) for AOT40 and 2.2% (9.6%) for M7, whereas aggregated rice (wheat) production losses were 2,345 kt (13,947 kt) for AOT40 and 999 kt (3,753 kt) for M7. In addition, reducing anthropogenic emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from the energy and transport sectors is effective in reducing the surface O 3 concentration. The results provide important scientific evidence for achieving sustainable food production in China.

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Section: Wrf-chemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the effect of troposphere ozone on grain production in North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta

XUYUAN,

TATSUMI

2024

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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“…A higher H 2 O 2 / HNO 3 ratio indicates an NO x -limited regime, whereas a lower H 2 O 2 / HNO 3 ratio corresponds to a VOC-limited regime. There are other indicators for determining the NO x -limited or VOC-limited regimes that are discussed in the literature (Li et al, 2022), but we use the H 2 O 2 / HNO 3 ratio here, as it is used in the CAMx model (Ramboll Environment and Health, 2020).…”

Section: Ozone (O 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of maritime shipping on air pollution along the US East Coast

Golbazi,

Archer

2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Air pollution is considered a leading threat to human health in the US and worldwide. An important source of air pollution in coastal areas is the globally increasing maritime shipping traffic. In this study, we take a high-resolution modeling approach to investigate the impacts of ship emissions on concentrations of various atmospheric pollutants, under the meteorological conditions and emissions of the year 2018. We utilize the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) to simulate transport, diffusion, and chemical reactions and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide the meteorological inputs. We focus on four criteria pollutants – fine particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) – as well as nitrogen oxide (NO), and we calculate their concentrations in the presence and absence of ship emissions along the US East Coast, particularly in the proximity of major ports. We find that ship emissions increase the PM2.5 concentrations over the ocean and over a few areas inland. The 98th percentile of the 24 h average PM2.5 concentrations (the “design value” used by the US Environmental Protection Agency) increased by up to 3.2 µg m−3 in some coastal areas. In addition, ships contribute significantly to SO2 concentrations, up to 95 % over the Atlantic and up to 90 % over land in coastal states, which represents a ∼45 ppb increase in the SO2 design values in some states. The 98th percentile of the hourly NO2 concentrations also increased by up to 15 ppb at the major ports and along the shore. In addition, we find that the impact of shipping emissions on O3 concentrations is not uniform, meaning that ships affect ozone pollution in both positive and negative ways: over the ocean, O3 concentrations were significantly higher in the presence of ships, whereas O3 concentrations decreased in the presence of ships in major coastal cities. Our simulation results show that ships emit significant amounts of fresh NO in the atmosphere, which then helps scavenge O3 in volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited areas, such as major ports. By contrast, over the ocean (NOx-limited regime), enhanced NOx concentrations due to ships contribute to the formation of O3 and therefore enhance O3 concentrations. Overall, due to the dominant southwesterly wind direction in the region, the impacts of ships on air pollutants mainly remain offshore. However, in coastal states near major ports, the impacts are significantly important.

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“…Some researchers have conducted studies on the sensitivity of O 3 formation and the source of O 3 precursors in the YRD region. The calculation results of using air quality models and observation-based models suggest O 3 formation in the urban areas of the YRD region is in a VOC-limited regime or a transition regime of VOCs and NO X , and O 3 formation is most sensitive to anthropogenic VOCs, especially alkenes and aromatics [17][18][19][20]. In recent years, the concentration of ambient air pollutants has changed significantly, and the composition and concentration of VOCs and NO X have obvious inter-year differences in the YRD region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Ozone Pollution in Demonstration Zone of the Yangtze River Delta, China

Wu,

Gu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Emerging research indicates that ground-level ozone (O3) has become a leading contributor to air quality concerns in many Chinese cities, with the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region facing particular challenges. This study investigated the characterization of air pollutants in Wujiang, which is located within the YRD demonstration zone, during the warm season (April–September) of 2022. The contributions of emission and meteorology to O3 were identified, the O3-NOX-VOC sensitivities were discussed, and the VOC sources and their contributions to O3 formation were analyzed. A random forest model revealed that the high O3 concentration was mainly caused by a combination of increased emission intensity due to the resumption of work and production after the COVID-19 pandemic, along with adverse meteorological conditions. The results revealed more than 92% of the pollution days were related to O3 during the warm season, and the impact of O3 precursor emissions was slightly greater than that of the meteorological conditions. O3 formation was in the VOC-limited regime, and emission reduction strategies targeting VOCs, particularly aromatics such as toluene and xylene, have been identified as the most effective approach for mitigating O3 pollution. Changes in O3-NOX-VOC sensitivity were also observed from the VOC-limited regime to the transitional regime, which was primarily driven by variations in the NOX concentrations. The VOC source analysis results showed that the contributions of gasoline vehicle exhaust and diesel engine exhaust (mobile source emissions) were significantly greater than those of the other sources, accounting for 20.8% and 16.5% of the total VOC emissions, respectively. This study highlights the crucial role of mobile source emission control in mitigating O3 pollution. Furthermore, prioritizing the control of VOC emission sources with minimal NOX contributions is highly recommended within the VOC-limited regime.

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Examining the implications of photochemical indicators for O₃–NO_x–VOC sensitivity and control strategies: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Analysis of the effect of troposphere ozone on grain production in North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta

Analysis of the effect of troposphere ozone on grain production in North China Plain and Yangtze River Delta

Impacts of maritime shipping on air pollution along the US East Coast

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Ozone Pollution in Demonstration Zone of the Yangtze River Delta, China

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