Examining the Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar I Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Family Genetic Studies

Faraone, Stephen V.; Biederman, Joseph; Wozniak, Janet

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010087

Cited by 87 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Consistent with that report, the polygenic risk score derived from a large GWAS of schizophrenia significantly discriminated ADHD cases from controls [108]. This discrimination was strongest for alleles that were risk alleles for both adult schizophrenia and adult bipolar disorder, which confirms prior family and twin data suggesting a genetic link between ADHD and bipolar disorder [109]. Moreover, a joint GWAS of ADHD and bipolar disorder reported a significant correlation between the polygenic scores of ADHD and bipolar disorder and also identified genome-wide significant loci for the two disorders [110].…”

Section: Common Variant Adhd As a Polygenic Disordersupporting

confidence: 85%

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018

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Decades of research show that genes play an vital role in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidity with other disorders. Family, twin, and adoption studies show that ADHD runs in families. ADHD's high heritability of 74% motivated the search for ADHD susceptibility genes. Genetic linkage studies show that the effects of DNA risk variants on ADHD must, individually, be very small. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated several genetic loci at the genome-wide level of statistical significance. These studies also show that about a third of ADHD's heritability is due to a polygenic component comprising many common variants each having small effects. From studies of copy number variants we have also learned that the rare insertions or deletions account for part of ADHD's heritability. These findings have implicated new biological pathways that may eventually have implications for treatment development.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset condition with impairing symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Decades of research have documented and replicated key facts about the disorder (for a review, see ref.[1]). It occurs in about 5% of children with little geographic or cross-cultural variation in prevalence and often co-occurs with other conditions, including mood, anxiety, conduct, learning, and substance use disorders. Longitudinal studies show that two-thirds of ADHD youth will continue to have impairing symptoms of ADHD in adulthood. People with ADHD are at risk for a wide range of functional impairments: school failure, peer rejection, injuries due to accidents, criminal behavior, occupational failure, divorce, suicide, and premature death. Although many details of ADHD's pathophysiology are unknown, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies implicate brain circuits regulating executive functioning, reward processing, timing, and temporal information processing.This article reviews data about the role that genes play in the etiology of ADHD from two perspectives. Family, twin, and adoption studies provide a firm foundation for asserting that genes are involved in the etiology of ADHD. The view from molecular genetics provides a basis for understanding mechanisms whereby genes affect biological pathways that lead to ADHD. Family, twin and adoption studies of ADHDEvidence for heritability from family, adoption, and twin studies A study of 894 ADHD probands and 1135 of their siblings aged 5-17 years old found a ninefold increased risk of ADHD in siblings of ADHD probands compared with siblings of controls [2]. Adoption studies suggest that the familial factors of ADHD are attributable to genetic factors rather than shared environmental factors [3,4] with the most recent one reporting rates of ADHD to be greater among biological relatives of non-adopted ADHD children than adoptive relatives of adopted ADHD children. The adoptive relatives had a risk for ADHD like the risk in relatives of control childr...

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Section: Common Variant Adhd As a Polygenic Disordersupporting

confidence: 85%

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018

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“…This same study found a 26.2% 12-month occurrence of any mental health condition, a 14.4% 12-month occurrence of one mental health condition, a 5.8% 12-month occurrence of two mental health conditions, and a 6% 12-month occurrence of three or more mental health conditions (Kessler et al 2005). A large body of research indicates that the five conditions investigated in this study are highly comorbid with each other as well as with additional diagnoses (Alegría et al 2010;Bernardi et al 2012;Biederman et al 1995;Brawman-Mintzer et al 1993;de Graaf et al 2002;Faraone et al 2012;Kessler et al 2006;McElroy et al 2001;McGough et al 2005;Sachs et al 2000;Simon et al 2004).…”

Section: Addictionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

et al. 2018

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Psychiatric conditions and sub-threshold psychiatric temperaments may influence entrepreneurs' affect, cognition, energy, motivation, circadian rhythms, activity levels, self-concept, creativity, and interpersonal behaviors in ways that influence business outcomes. We used a self-report survey to examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of five psychiatric conditions among 242 entrepreneurs and 93 comparison participants. Mental health differences directly or indirectly affected 72% of the entrepreneurs in this sample, including those with a personal mental health history (49%) and family mental health history among the asymptomatic entrepreneurs (23%). Entrepreneurs reported experiencing more depression (30%), ADHD (29%), substance use (12%), and bipolar disorder (11%) than comparison participants. Furthermore, 32% of the entrepreneurs reported having two or more mental health conditions, while 18% reported having three or more mental health conditions. Asymptomatic entrepreneurs (having no mental health issues) with asymptomatic families constituted only 24% of the entrepreneur participants. Entrepreneurs' psychiatric issues can affect their functioning and that of their ventures. Therefore, integrating knowledge about psychiatric conditions with research on personality traits can broaden the understanding of how mental healthrelated traits, states, and family history can influence entrepreneurial outcomes. We discuss methodological limitations as well as implications of our findings for entrepreneurship research and practice.

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“…ADHD increased the risks of attempted and completed suicide, even after adjusting for comorbid psychiatric disorders (odds ratio (OR)=3. 62 …”

Section: Mood Suicidality and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Disorder and ADHD: Comorbidity and Diagnostic Distinctions

Marangoni¹,

Chiara²,

Faedda

2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in childhood and early adolescence, and common persistence in adulthood. Both disorders are often undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and sometimes over diagnosed, leading to high rates of morbidity and disability. The differentiation of these conditions is based on their clinical features, comorbidity, psychiatric family history course of illness, and response to treatment. We review recent relevant findings and highlight epidemiological, clinical, family history, course, and treatment-response differences that can aid the differential diagnosis of these conditions in an outpatient pediatric setting.

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Examining the Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar I Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Family Genetic Studies

Cited by 87 publications

References 73 publications

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

Bipolar Disorder and ADHD: Comorbidity and Diagnostic Distinctions

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