Examining the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Spencer, Andrea; Faraone, Stephen V.; Bogucki, Olivia E.; Pope, Amanda; Uchida, Mai; Milad, Mohammed R.; Spencer, Thomas; Woodworth, K. Yvonne; Biederman, Joseph

doi:10.4088/jcp.14r09479

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…In order to understand the relationship between these two disorders' symptoms better, a variety of resources is necessary [43]. Until recently, many studies worked on understanding the relationship between PTSD and ADHD [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of psychiatric disorders in children refugees in Turkey’s Yazidi refugee camp

Nasıroğlu

Çeri

Erkorkmaz

et al. 2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Objective: To examine the mental health states of a sample of Yazidi refugee children and adolescents who migrated from war-torn Iraq's Sinjar region and to determine the risk and protective factors for psychiatric disorders among the refugee children and adolescents. Method: The participants of this research were children and adolescents between ages 6 and 17 who live in a refugee camp in Turkey. Their parents/guardians provided written informed consents for the research. The research was approved by the Ethics Council of Sakarya University. Participants with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders were excluded from the study. Two child and adolescent psychiatrists speaking their native language interviewed and evaluated each of the participants. Collected data included sociodemographic information about previous and current living situations, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime -Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL). Results: One hundred and thirty-six children and adolescents (76 boys, 63 girls; mean age = 11.05 ± 3.11 (SD)). At the time of the assessment, 43.4% had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n = 59), 27.9% depression (n = 38), 10.3% nocturnal enuresis (n = 14), 9.6% behavioural problems (n = 7), and 5.1% anxiety disorders (n = 13). Conclusions: Many of the refugee children and adolescents had developed psychiatric disorders, or are at risk for PTSD and depression. Also, the ongoing ambiguity regarding their living conditions, interruption of their education, a lack of hope for the future and anxiety regarding the ones they left behind are considered to be risk factors for the development of psychiatric and social problems in the future. Living with family members and not having losses from the immediate family are protective factors. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of psychiatric disorders in children refugees in Turkey’s Yazidi refugee camp

Nasıroğlu

Çeri

Erkorkmaz

et al. 2018

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…For example, a study of Iraqi children whose parents have PTSD shows overlapping ADHD and PTSD symptoms, which the authors argue may not reflect true comorbidity [32]. PTSD symptoms of hyperarousal and cognitive impairment amongst maltreated children may overlap with, or confound the inattention, hyperactivity and emotional symptoms of ADHD [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…anterior cingulate and dorsolateral pre-frontal cortexes) identified in individuals exposed to trauma [29], and also in individuals with ADHD [30]. In addition, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may occur in response to intense traumatic experiences is prevalent amongst victims of child abuse [5] and is also comorbid with ADHD [31]. For example, a study of Iraqi children whose parents have PTSD shows overlapping ADHD and PTSD symptoms, which the authors argue may not reflect true comorbidity [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of concurrent and prospective associations between early maltreatment and ADHD through childhood and adolescence

González

Vélez-Pastrana

McCrory

et al. 2019

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose An emerging body of work suggests a link between childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, research examining the role of maltreatment in the early course of the disorder lacks robust evidence from longitudinal studies. Our aim was to examine concurrent and prospective associations between maltreatment experiences and ADHD diagnosis and sex differences, and to estimate the association between repetitive maltreatment exposure and ADHD through childhood and adolescence. Methods Data were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2480 children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background. Neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and foster placement were regressed on ADHD diagnosis measured at each of three waves using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Multilevel regressions estimated the effects of exposure on ADHD, adjusted by age, sex, income, household education, parental psychopathology, comorbidity and ADHD medication status. Results Emotional abuse and foster placement had robust associations with ADHD diagnosis. For girls, physical abuse had a threefold increase in the odds of having ADHD diagnosis; for boys, associations were observed only for emotional abuse. Prospective models examining the risk of ADHD following maltreatment provided initial evidence for the effects of physical abuse on ADHD, and a linear trend for repetitive exposure suggested increased probability for disorder persistence. Conclusions Associations between early maltreatment and ADHD were robust. Different categories of maltreatment increase the likelihood of ADHD for girls and boys. Increased exposure to maltreatment may predict symptom persistence. Interventions addressing ADHD must consider the effects of both sex and family environment.

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“…For example, PTSD patients frequently report lapses of attention, difficulty focusing and becoming distracted (Lew, 2011). Second, there is high comorbidity between PTSD and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Spencer and Faraone, 2015). Third, PTSD patients display altered attention biases towards emotional stimuli (Pineles and Shipherd, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional processes in posttraumatic stress disorder and the associated changes in neural functioning

Block

Liberzon

2016

Experimental Neurology

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with alterations in attention at the behavioral and neural levels. However, there are conflicting findings regarding the specific type of attention impairments present in PTSD, as the commonly used tests of attention do not isolate the mechanisms behind attention abnormalities, and the constructs measured do not map onto the neurocircuits governing attention. Here, we review the literature on attention processing in PTSD and offer directions for future research to clarify these unanswered questions. First, using instruments that allow assessment of behavioral and neurophysiological attention components will be necessary to understand attention deficits in PTSD. Second, focus on intra-individual variability in addition to assessment of central tendency may help clarify some of the mixed findings. Third, longitudinal studies on attentional processes are warranted to determine how attention contributes to the development and maintenance of PTSD. Integration of behavioral and neural measures of attention will be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of PTSD.

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Examining the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract: Results indicate a bidirectional association between ADHD and PTSD, suggesting clinical implications and highlighting the need for neurobiological research that examines the mechanisms underlying this connection.

Cited by 68 publications

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Determinants of psychiatric disorders in children refugees in Turkey’s Yazidi refugee camp

Determinants of psychiatric disorders in children refugees in Turkey’s Yazidi refugee camp

Evidence of concurrent and prospective associations between early maltreatment and ADHD through childhood and adolescence

Attentional processes in posttraumatic stress disorder and the associated changes in neural functioning

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