Examining temptation to drink from an existential perspective: Associations among temptation, purpose in life, and drinking outcomes.

Roos, Corey R.; Kirouac, Megan; Pearson, Matthew R.; Fink, Brandi C.; Witkiewitz, Katie

doi:10.1037/adb0000063

Cited by 85 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Finally, Minehan and colleagues (2000) determined that higher purpose in life predicted less alcohol use and that higher existential anxiety was associated with increased rates of illicit drug use. These findings are consistent with research conducted on adults where substance use is associated with living a life devoid of meaning and purpose (Marsh, Smith, Piek, & Saunders, 2003; Martin, MacKinnon, Johnson, & Rohsenow, 2011; Roos, Kirouac, Pearson, Fink, & Witkiewitz, 2015; Thompson, 2012; Wiklund, 2008). Testimonies of individuals who abuse substances frequently describe a monotonous, boring, hollow, and empty existence (Kemp, 2009b, 2011; Kemp & Butler, 2014; Thompson, 2012).…”

Section: Core Elements Of Lived Experience In Relation To Adolescent ...supporting

confidence: 90%

An existential–integrative (ei) treatment of adolescent substance abuse.

Karavalaki

Shumaker

2016

The Humanistic Psychologist

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This article offers an existential-integrative (EI; Schneider, 2008) treatment of adolescent substance abuse. Adolescence is a time of great transition and search for identity, meaning, and purpose in life. Struggles during this developmental stage are reflected in internalizing disorders, including depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide, as well as externalizing disorders, including impulse and conduct/behavioral disorders. The authors argue that adolescents who experience higher levels of existential anxiety will be at increased risk for the development of a substance abuse disorder. Viewed within this framework, alcohol and drug use may serve a twofold purpose: (a) it acts as an escape from the throes of existential anxiety and (b) it provides the adolescent with a pseudo identity as the "stoner," the "wild child," the "rebel," and so forth To support this argument, we (a) briefly review key developmental characteristics of adolescence and the experience of existential anxiety within this stage of development, (b) review the prevalence, incidence, and sequelae of adolescent substance abuse, (c) review existing theoretical conceptualizations of adolescent substance abuse, and (d) propose ways EI approaches can be incorporated with the existing empirically supported treatments to improve outcome.

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Section: Core Elements Of Lived Experience In Relation To Adolescent ...supporting

confidence: 90%

An existential–integrative (ei) treatment of adolescent substance abuse.

Karavalaki

Shumaker

2016

The Humanistic Psychologist

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“…Studies suggest that meditation practice is associated with increases in values clarification and purpose and that values clarification is associated with positive psychological states and sense of control [124, 125]. Furthermore, observational studies demonstrated that higher values clarification levels were associated with lower temptation to drink alcohol and lower drinking frequency and drinking-related consequences [126], and that values clarification mediated associations between dispositional mindfulness and alcohol-related problems [127]. …”

Section: Self-awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: State of the Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Theoretical Framework

et al. 2015

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The purpose of this review is to provide (1) a synopsis on relations of mindfulness with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major CVD risk factors, and (2) an initial consensus-based overview of mechanisms and theoretical framework by which mindfulness might influence CVD. Initial evidence, often of limited methodological quality, suggests possible impacts of mindfulness on CVD risk factors including physical activity, smoking, diet, obesity, blood pressure, and diabetes regulation. Plausible mechanisms include (1) improved attention control (e.g., ability to hold attention on experiences related to CVD risk, such as smoking, diet, physical activity, and medication adherence), (2) emotion regulation (e.g., improved stress response, self-efficacy, and skills to manage craving for cigarettes, palatable foods, and sedentary activities), and (3) self-awareness (e.g., self-referential processing and awareness of physical sensations due to CVD risk factors). Understanding mechanisms and theoretical framework should improve etiologic knowledge, providing customized mindfulness intervention targets that could enable greater mindfulness intervention efficacy.

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“…Many predictors of recovery outcomes have been studied. Individuals who are married, female, and older [10], with fewer heavy drinkers in their social network [11], greater coping skills [12], fewer psychiatric disorders [10], lower levels of depression and anger [13,14], higher levels of purpose in life and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) attendance [15,16], and a higher level of abstinence self-efficacy [17,18] tend to have better outcomes following treatment. Higher alcohol dependence severity is associated with an increased odds of an abstinent recovery (defined as abstinence from alcohol and remission from alcohol dependence symptoms), but decreased odds of a non-abstinent recovery (defined as low risk drinking and remission from alcohol dependence symptoms) [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%